Recent advances and challenges of stretchable supercapacitors based on carbon materials

Abstract

Stretchable energy storage devices are essential for the development of stretchable electronics that can maintain their electronic performance while sustain large mechanical strain. In this context, stretchable supercapacitors (SSCs) are regarded as one of the most promising power supply in stretchable electronic devices due to their high power densities, fast charge-discharge capability, and modest energy densities. Carbon materials, including carbon nanotubes, graphene, and mesoporous carbon, hold promise as electrode materials for SSCs for their large surface area, excellent electrical, mechanical, and electrochemical properties. Much effort has been devoted to developing stretchable, carbon-based SSCs with different structure/performance characteristics, including conventional planar/textile, wearable fiber-shaped, transparent, and solid-state devices with aesthetic appeal. This review summarizes recent advances towards the development of carbon-based SSCs. Challenges and important directions in this emerging field are also discussed.

Flexible all-solid-state micro-supercapacitor based on Ni fiber electrode coated with MnO2 and reduced graphene oxide via electrochemical deposition

“…Various flexible energy storage devices have been developed to power the flexible/bendable electronic equipment, such as flexible supercapacitors [21][22][23], flexible Li-ion batteries [24] and flexible rechargeable batteries [25].…”

A promising two-dimensional channel material: monolayer antimonide phosphorus

“…Besides the superiority from ultrathin structure, in order to be qualified as channel materials, the 2D semiconductors must also have a moderate band gap and high carrier mobility [2][3][4][5]. Graphene has mobility as high as 10 5 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , but it is gapless, so on/off ratio of FET with graphene as channel is always low although many modifications such as narrowing into nanoribbons and nitrogen doping have been tried [3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Subsequently, monolayer MoS2 exhibits significant indirect-to-direct band structure transition [16], but its highest mobility is as low as 200-500 cm 2 V −1 s −1 [4,17,18], which is much lower than that of classical semiconductors such as silicon (1,400 cm 2 V −1 s −1 ), and InP (5,400 cm 2 V −1 s −1 ).…”

Challenges and progresses of energy storage technology and its application in power systems

“…Super capacitor has advantages of high power density, fast response, high efficiency, long cycle life, low maintenance, wide operational temperature range and so on. However, due to the low energy density, super capacitor is suitable for application in combination with other energy storage technologies [43,44]. The charging/discharging rate of superconducting magnetic energy storage is critical, and it has advantages of high power density, fast response, high energy conversion efficiency, long service lifespan, etc.…”