Recent advances and strategies to tailor the energy levels, active sites and electron mobility in titania and its doped/composite analogues for hydrogen evolution in sunlight

Shwetharani, R.; Sakar, M.; Fernando, C. A. N.; Binas, Vassiliοs; Balakrishna, R. Geetha

doi:10.1039/c8cy01395k

Cited by 83 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 288 publications

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“…In photocatalytic water‐splitting, different strategies are used to improve the efficiency of the photosensitive materials . One of the many prominent strategies is the incorporation of an electrochemically active catalyst on the surface of the photosensitive material.…”

Section: Metal Borides As Cocatalysts For Photocatalytic Water‐splittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the course of years, different methods were invented to split the water molecule and generate hydrogen (H 2 ), which was eventually termed as the “fuel of the future.” Electrocatalytic water‐splitting was the obvious first choice technology, followed by thermal and photocatalytic decomposition of water. Of these techniques, photocatalytic water‐splitting appears to be the most sustainable one but industrial technology based on photocatalytic systems is yet a distant dream mainly because of their inherently low solar to hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiencies . In such circumstances, the significance of electrocatalytic water‐splitting rises multifold, as it can be coupled to intermittent renewable energy sources (solar, wind, tidal) and deliver a feasible solution to our energy demands .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Metal Boride‐Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Water‐Splitting: A Review

Gupta

Patel

Miotello

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

335

243

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Electrocatalytic water-splitting has gained a firm hold in the area of renewable hydrogen production owing to its integrative compatibility with intermittent energy sources. However, wide-scale implementation of this technology demands discovery of new electrode materials that strike a good balance between efficiency, stability, and cost. In the pool of inexpensive electrodes capable of catalyzing hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, metal borides/ borates have made a big splash in the last decade. However, the research in this family of electrocatalysts remains unorganized owing to the diversity of reports. This review summarizes the past and present research progress in metal borides/borates for electrocatalytic water-splitting. The fundamental reasons for electrochemical behavior in different metal borides/borates are highlighted here, also including some comments regarding erroneous practices in the performance evaluation of metal borides/borates. Various strategies used to enhance the electrocatalytic performance of metal borides/borates are discussed in detail. Different methods evolved over the years for the synthesis of metal borides/ borates are also discussed. Finally, an assessment of the commercial viability of metal borides/borates is made and future research directions are suggested. multimetal oxides, [18,19] layered double hydroxides, [20] oxyhydroxides, [21] and perovskites. [13,18] In addition to these, there has been the family of transition-metal borides/borates that have garnered enormous interest in the recent past. Though transition-metal borides (TMBs) have been used for water electrolysis since many decades, they were not really seen as potential candidates to replace noble metal catalysts, until recently. Indeed, in 2009, the group of Daniel Nocera reported in situ formed Co [22] and Ni [23] borates as analogous catalysts to Co phosphate, [24] for near-neutral water-splitting. Later, the groups of Hu [25] and Patel [26] reported development of Mo boride and Co boride, respectively, for electrocatalytic water splitting. Following these reports, transition-metal borides/ borates [27][28][29][30][31][32] were developed using various techniques and were used extensively for water-splitting reactions, in different pH solutions. Here, we would like to inform the readers that usually boron-based catalysts that are developed in situ using electrodeposition are referred to as "borates" (denoted as M-B i , M = metal) while those catalysts prepared by any other technique are referred to as "borides" (denoted as M-B). Over the past 5-6 years, a lot of studies have been carried out on borides/borates with remarkable results, presenting new possibilities in search for non-noble electrocatalysts. The electrochemical performance, stability and other important properties of all the metal borides reported so far are enlisted in Table 1 while that of metal borates are listed in Table 2. However, there are a lot of aspects that are not yet understood completely about borides/borates. For instance, the o...

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Section: Metal Borides As Cocatalysts For Photocatalytic Water‐splittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Boride‐Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Water‐Splitting: A Review

Gupta

Patel

Miotello

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

335

243

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…21,22 Based on these problems, lots of works aim to improve the performance of traditional photocatalysts, such as heterostructure fabrication, [23][24][25] metal/nonmetal doping, 26,27 plasma introduction, 28,29 composite with conductive materials, 30,31 crystal regulation, 32,33 surface modification, 34,35 defect formation 36,37 and so on. 21,22 Based on these problems, lots of works aim to improve the performance of traditional photocatalysts, such as heterostructure fabrication, [23][24][25] metal/nonmetal doping, 26,27 plasma introduction, 28,29 composite with conductive materials, 30,31 crystal regulation, 32,33 surface modification, 34,35 defect formation 36,37 and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are some limitations for traditional photocatalysts due to the fast combination of photoinduced carriers and poor optical response in long wavelength region. 21,22 Based on these problems, lots of works aim to improve the performance of traditional photocatalysts, such as heterostructure fabrication, [23][24][25] metal/nonmetal doping, 26,27 plasma introduction, 28,29 composite with conductive materials, 30,31 crystal regulation, 32,33 surface modification, 34,35 defect formation 36,37 and so on. For instance, Jia et al 38 designed a threecomponent Z-scheme (BiO) 2 CO 3 -BiO 2 -x-GO composite with good light absorption performance and efficient electron hole separation performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High photoresponse and fast carrier mobility: Two‐dimensional rGO‐AgBr/Ag composite based on Z‐scheme heterointerface with plasma for hydrogen evolution

Wang

et al. 2019

Int J Energy Res

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With the improvement of people's living standard, energy shortage is increasingly severe. Photocatalysis technology is one of the most effective means to solve this problem. Generally, poor visible-light response and fast combination of photo-induced carriers are the main limiting factors to traditional photocatalysts. Aiming at this problem, in this paper, AgBr was used as the photosensitizer to immobilize on the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the complexation of Ag + ions and carboxyl groups of precursor graphene oxide (GO), then the two-dimensional rGO-AgBr/Ag composites (2D rGAA-α, α = 1, 2 and 3) were synthesized by solvothermal method. The structures, morphologies, chemical bonding states and photoelectrochemical properties of the samples were analyzed to study the samples, and the corresponding visible-light-driven (VLD) catalytic performances were studied by hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Compared with pure rGO, the light absorption of rGAA-α was almost extended to full spectral range for the Zscheme heterointerface (rGO-AgBr) construction, and the separation of photo-induced carriers can be promoted effectively. The HER results showed that the average hydrogen evolution rate ( R p ) of rGAA-α was significantly increased, and the rGAA-2 catalyst presented the highest R p (72.71 μmol h -1 g -1 ). After six recycling experiments, the very faint activity decrease and unobvious structure change suggested the high photostability. Accordingly, the enhanced catalytic activity of rGAA-α catalysts was attributed to the formation of Z-scheme heterointerface and generation of Ag plasmas, so this study will provide a simple, effective and promising method for hydrogen energy development. FIGURE 9 VLD photocatalytic mechanism of rGAA-α photocatalyst for HER [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

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“…1 Since that time, enormous efforts and money have been dedicated to make this particular application of TiO 2 successful. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] As a result of all these attempts, integrated solar-driven water-splitting devices have been developed and tested for hydrogen production on a laboratory scale. [14][15][16][17][18][19] Although, these experimental devices have entered the stage of commercialization, their mass fabrication has not been reached.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Titanium Dioxide Thin Films with Controlled Stoichiometry for Photoelectrochemical Systems

Radecka

Brudnik

Kulinowski

et al. 2019

Journal of Elec Materi

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The electrical resistivity of thin film metal oxide photoanodes in the photoelectrochemical cells, PEC, for hydrogen generation, the importance of which should not be neglected in the design and construction of water-splitting devices, is found to be affected by the departure from stoichiometric composition and film thickness. Here, we propose to use TiO 2 /ITO photoanodes for photoelectrochemical cells. The TiO 2Àx thin films with x indicating a departure from the stoichiometric composition have been prepared by dc magnetron sputtering with the deposition rate controlled by the optical emission spectroscopy, OES. Photoanode properties were determined by scanning electron microscopy, SEM, atomic force mocroscopy, AFM, Raman spectroscopy, transmittance and reflectance measurements over uv/vis/nir wavelength ranges, impedance spectroscopy, Mott-Schottky plots, and photocurrent versus voltage dependence in the dark and under white light illumination. The contributions of the charge carrier concentration and mobility to the enhanced photocurrent of the PEC have been determined and correlated to the varying film stoichiometry and thickness, respectively.

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Recent advances and strategies to tailor the energy levels, active sites and electron mobility in titania and its doped/composite analogues for hydrogen evolution in sunlight

Abstract: Hydrogen production through photocatalytic water reduction, a potential path for future renewable and sustainable energy generation.

Cited by 83 publications

References 288 publications

Metal Boride‐Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Water‐Splitting: A Review

Metal Boride‐Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Water‐Splitting: A Review

High photoresponse and fast carrier mobility: Two‐dimensional rGO‐AgBr/Ag composite based on Z‐scheme heterointerface with plasma for hydrogen evolution

Titanium Dioxide Thin Films with Controlled Stoichiometry for Photoelectrochemical Systems

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