Recent Advances for Dynamic-Based Therapy of Atherosclerosis

Abstract

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease, which may lead to high morbidity and mortality. Currently, the clinical treatment strategy for AS is administering drugs and performing surgery. However, advanced therapy strategies are urgently required because of the deficient therapeutic effects of current managements. Increased number of energy conversion-based organic or inorganic materials has been used in cancer and other major disease treatments, bringing hope to patients with the development of nanomedicine and materials. These treatment strategies employ specific nanomaterials with specific own physiochemical properties (external stimuli: light or ultrasound) to promote foam cell apoptosis and cholesterol efflux. Based on the pathological characteristics of vulnerable plaques, energy conversion-based nano-therapy has attracted increasing attention in the field of anti-atherosclerosis. Therefore, this review focuses on recent advances in energy conversion-based treatments. In addition to summarizing the therapeutic effects of various techniques, the regulated pathological processes are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and prospects for further development of dynamic treatment for AS are discussed.

Comparison of low‐level laser therapy and standard treatment for temporomandibular disorders: An assessment of therapeutic and placebo effects

“…Low‐power lasers emit electromagnetic radiation in the spectrum of red or infrared light waves and are used to treat various pathological conditions such as wound healing problems, pain and inflammation 18–21 . Review articles and various studies on the therapeutic effect of low‐power lasers in reducing pain and improving the conditions of patients with chronic musculoskeletal disorders such as osteoarthritis in the knees and spine have reported positive results 22–24 . Laser treatment seems to be consistent with the accepted philosophy of non‐invasive treatments for TMD.…”

Photodynamic Therapy for Atherosclerosis

“…Cardiovascular diseases, particularly atherosclerosis, stand as formidable challenges to global health. In the ongoing quest for effective interventions, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a beacon of hope, leveraging light-sensitive compounds to selectively target and stabilize atherosclerotic plaques [108]. The journey commences with the strategic administration of a photosensitizer, a molecular envoy designed with precision to selectively accumulate within atherosclerotic plaques.…”