Recent Advances in Analytical Chemistry by 3D Printing

Gross, Bethany C.; Lockwood, Sarah Y.; Spence, Dana M.

doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04344

Cited by 290 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…These methods have been well reviewed elsewhere. [127][128][129] Of these techniques, stereolithography-based 3D-printing has been found to provide the best performance, in terms of resolution (minimum feature size) and surface roughness, when fabricating microfluidic structures. 130 Also, in stereolithographic 3D-printing, there is a trade-off between resolution and throughput.…”

Section: D-printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary microfluidics in microchannels: from microfluidic networks to capillaric circuits

et al. 2018

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Microfluidics offer economy of reagents, rapid liquid delivery, and potential for automation of many reactions, but often require peripheral equipment for flow control. Capillary microfluidics can deliver liquids in a pre-programmed manner without peripheral equipment by exploiting surface tension effects encoded by the geometry and surface chemistry of a microchannel. Here, we review the history and progress of microchannel-based capillary microfluidics spanning over three decades. To both reflect recent experimental and conceptual progress, and distinguish from paper-based capillary microfluidics, we adopt the more recent terminology of capillaric circuits (CCs). We identify three distinct waves of development driven by microfabrication technologies starting with early implementations in industry using machining and lamination, followed by development in the context of micro total analysis systems (μTAS) and lab-on-a-chip devices using cleanroom microfabrication, and finally a third wave that arose with advances in rapid prototyping technologies. We discuss the basic physical laws governing capillary flow, deconstruct CCs into basic circuit elements including capillary pumps, stop valves, trigger valves, retention valves, and so on, and describe their operating principle and limitations. We discuss applications of CCs starting with the most common usage in automating liquid delivery steps for immunoassays, and highlight emerging applications such as DNA analysis. Finally, we highlight recent developments in rapid prototyping of CCs and the benefits offered including speed, low cost, and greater degrees of freedom in CC design. The combination of better analytical models and lower entry barriers (thanks to advances in rapid manufacturing) make CCs both a fertile research area and an increasingly capable technology for user-friendly and high-performance laboratory and diagnostic tests.

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Section: D-printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary microfluidics in microchannels: from microfluidic networks to capillaric circuits

et al. 2018

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“…Numerouss ensors canb e coupledwithuniversal electronic modulesi ncluding thosef or electromagneticradiation,temperature,humidity, liquid level, andgases.These areavailable as individual partsand ready-togo preassembled modulesi ncorporating amplifiers andc onnectors; thus,t heya re suitable fors older-free installation. Access to abasic 3D-printer [3] is also useful so that therequired customized elements (for example, holdersf or lights ources, electrodes,and sensors) canbefabricatedinhouse.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prototyping Instruments for the Chemical Laboratory Using Inexpensive Electronic Modules

Urban

2018

Angew Chem Int Ed

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Open-source electronics and programming can augment chemical and biomedical research. Currently, chemists can choose from a broad range of low-cost universal electronic modules (microcontroller boards and single-board computers) and use them to assemble working prototypes of scientific tools to address specific experimental problems and to support daily research work. The learning time can be as short as a few hours, and the required budget is often as low as 50 USD. Prototyping instruments using low-cost electronic modules gives chemists enormous flexibility to design and construct customized instrumentation, which can reduce the delays caused by limited access to high-end commercial platforms.

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“…In the analytical field, 3D printing techniques have largely been exploited for the prototyping of fluidic devices and custom mechanical parts, 1,2 with the acts of guiding and manipulating light through 3D printed optics evading investigation. Sample handling has remained a common motif in analytical 3D printing, with the manufacturing of silica gel patterns for chromatography, 3 solid phase extraction devices, 4,5 microfluidic sample preconcentrators, 6 and microchannel chips 7−10 previously demonstrated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic Sensing with 3D Printed Optics

2017

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing has undergone an exponential growth in popularity due to its revolutionary and near limitless manufacturing capabilities. Recent trends have seen this technology utilized across a variety of scientific disciplines, including the measurement sciences, but precise fabrication of optical components for high-performance biosensing has not yet been demonstrated. We report here 3D printing of high-quality, custom prisms by stereolithography that enable Kretschmann-configured plasmonic sensing of bacterial toxins. Simple benchtop polishing procedures render a smooth surface that supports propagation of surface plasmon polaritons with a deposited gold layer, which exhibit high bulk refractive index sensitivities and are capable of discriminating trace levels of cholera toxin on a supported lipid membrane interface. Further evidence of the flexibility of this manufacturing technique is demonstrated with printed prisms of varied geometries and in situ monitoring of nanoparticle growth by total internal reflection spectroscopy. This work represents the first example of 3D printed light-guiding sensing platforms and demonstrates the versatility and broad perspective of 3D printing in optical detection.

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Recent Advances in Analytical Chemistry by 3D Printing

Cited by 290 publications

References 131 publications

Capillary microfluidics in microchannels: from microfluidic networks to capillaric circuits

Capillary microfluidics in microchannels: from microfluidic networks to capillaric circuits

Prototyping Instruments for the Chemical Laboratory Using Inexpensive Electronic Modules

Plasmonic Sensing with 3D Printed Optics

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