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PrefaceBarley is deemed one of the first plant species to be domesticated. Its cultivation over a very broad range of environments and its versatile utilization for the production of raw material for feed and food render it a top-four crop plant worldwide. Representing the temperate cereals of the Triticeae tribe (wheat, rye, triticale), barley has been used as experimental model since the era of classical genetics and cytogenetics-a role that has been reinforced along the development of contemporary biology and crop plant research.The generation of comprehensive genome sequence data is regarded as a cornerstone with major impact into all areas of modern barley research. Thus, we are convinced of the timeliness and importance to survey and reflect the current state of biotechnologically oriented barley research in the present volume of the Springer series Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry. Besides genome sequencing, major progress was achieved by deep sequencing-based transcriptomics, the establishment of comprehensive mutant panels and TILLING platforms, the generation of high-resolution genetic maps, efficient site-directed mutagenesis using customizable endonucleases, as well as the establishment of automa...