Recent advances in bio-medical implants; mechanical properties, surface modifications and applications

Abstract

Bio-medical implants have increased demand to treat different medical conditions and complications. Latest research in medical and material science is paving the path for new generation of biomedical implants that mimic the natural bone and tissues for enhanced bio compatibility. Bio-medical implant is required to be bio-compatible, non-toxic and bioactive. Main reasons for implantation are aging, overweight, accidents and genetic diseases such as arthritis or joint pain. Diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis have ability to severely damage the mechanical properties of bones overtime. Different materials including polymers, ceramics and metals are used for biomedical implants. Metallic implants have high strength, high resistance to corrosion and wear. Biocompatible metallic materials include Ti, Ta, Zr, Mo, Nb, W and Au while materials such as Ni, V, Al and Cr are considered as toxic and hazardous to the body. Bioresorbable and degradable materials dissolve in the body after the healing process. Mg based metallic alloys are highly degradable in the biological environment. Similarly, different polymers such as Poly-lactic acid (PLA) are used as bio-degradable implants and in tissue engineering. Biodegradable stents are used in slow release of drugs to avoid the blood clotting and other complications. Shape memory alloys are employed for bio-implants due to unique set of properties. Different surface physical and chemical modification methods are used to improve the interfacial properties and interaction of implant materials with biological environment. This review explains properties, materials, modifications and short comings for bio-implants.

Biomaterials as Implants in the Orthopedic Field for Regenerative Medicine: Metal versus Synthetic Polymers

“…In tissue engineering, the design of polymeric scaffolds is being optimized to elicit timely and desirable responses. The demand for tissue and organ replacements drives advancements and efforts in tissue engineering [ 266 ]. Polymeric scaffold materials offer the ability to control various physical and chemical properties for tissue engineering applications [ 267 ].…”

“…Overall, the continuous exploration of new materials, fabrication techniques, and surface modifications is essential for the advancement of biomedical implants and tissue engineering. Through interdisciplinary research and collaboration, the field can overcome the existing limitations and pave the way for safer, more efficient, and effective implant solutions [ 266 ].…”

Experimental investigation on punch shear strength of poly lactic acid specimens for biomedical applications

“…1,2 Such implants are being extensively used in various medical fields, that include orthopedics, dentistry, ophthalmology, cardiology, and neurology. 3,4 However, biomedical implants require excellent mechanical strength for ensuring their biocompatibility and effectiveness in the human body. The implants require high shear strength for the following reasons: a) Provision of mechanical stability for preventing implant failure against forces and stresses acting in the human body.…”

Activity in the Field of Blood Coagulation Processes of Poly(Lactide)-Zinc Fiber Composite Material Obtained by Magnetron Sputtering

“…Therefore, different wound dressings are being developed to stop uncontrolled bleeding and prevent wound contamination. Among them, polymer composites equipped with effective hemostatic and antibacterial properties have received wide attention [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”