Recent advances in biomass-derived platform chemicals to valeric acid synthesis

Abstract

The biomass-derived carbohydrates are selectively converted into platform chemicals such as levulinic acid (LA) and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Among those platform chemicals, LA is one of the most promising and sustainable...

Single‐step conversion of levulinic acid to valeric acid over bimetallic Ni‐Co/H‐ZSM‐5 catalysts

“…In the present study, the bifunctional (Ni−Co/H‐ZSM‐5) catalysts displayed both necessary metallic and acidic sites for converting LA to VA. The active metallic and acidic sites are responsible for the hydro‐cyclization of LA to GVL, and acidic sites are beneficial to the ring‐opening dehydration of GVL to VA [30,31,42,43] . The sequence of steps for the production of VA is represented in Scheme 1.…”

“…In the present study, the bifunctional (NiÀ Co/H-ZSM-5) catalysts displayed both necessary metallic and acidic sites for converting LA to VA. The active metallic and acidic sites are responsible for the hydro-cyclization of LA to GVL, and acidic sites are beneficial to the ring-opening dehydration of GVL to VA. [30,31,42,43] The sequence of steps for the production of VA is represented in Scheme 1. Furthermore, to gain more insight into the reaction mechanism, we performed the reaction ChemistrySelect without a hydrogen source (i. e., nitrogen as a medium) over H-ZSM-5, around the 50 % conversion of levulinic acid and 100 % selectivity towards the angelica lactone (71 % of α-angelica lactone and 29 % β-angelica lactone).…”

Valeric Biofuels from Biomass‐Derived γ‐Valerolactone: A Critical Overview of Production Processes

“…is strongly recommended [34] . Three years later, in 2022 another interesting review about this matter was published by Pothu et al., but focusing the attention mainly on the production of PA from different biomass‐derived platform molecules [35] …”

“…[34] Three years later, in 2022 another interesting review about this matter was published by Pothu et al, but focusing the attention mainly on the production of PA from different biomass-derived platform molecules. [35] Although LA was the first biomass-derived platform molecule for the production of second-generation biofuels, [7] due to GVL can be easily obtained from LA and GVL is a relatively stable intermediate, this lactone has become also a relevant platform molecule. [15] Even more, the use of GVL as raw material for producing valeric esters avoids some side reactions such as the LA etherification in the isolated À OH group and/or esterification in the presence of acid catalysts.…”

Efficient hydrodeoxygenation of methyl levulinate into pentanoic biofuels over Ru/USY catalysts

“…More importantly, PEs have been identified as a promising class of biofuel additives due to their excellent compatibility and superior fuel properties, as evidenced by a successful road trial of 250 000 km. 14 Recently, the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of LA or alkyl levulinates into PA/PEs has been extensively investigated and it has attracted great attention. 15 Such HDO reactions involve a combination of hydrolysis, dehydration and reduction steps in the conversion sequence.…”