Recent Advances in BLV Research

Barez, Pierre-Yves; Brogniez, Alix de; Carpentier, Alexandre; Gazon, Hélène; Gillet, Nicolas; Gutiérrez, Gerónimo; Hamaïdia, Malik; Jacques, Jean-Rock; Perike, Srikanth; Sriramareddy, Sathya Neelature; Renotte, Nathalie; Staumont, Bernard; Reichert, M.; Trono, K.; Willems, Luc

doi:10.3390/v7112929

Cited by 85 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…BLV provirus DNA can be found in less than 1 % peripheral blood cells of BLV-infected cattle [6]. During primary infection, the BLV provirus DNA is massively inserted into transcriptionally active sites of the host genomes, but only some resultant cell clones can further kept the provirus DNA integrated, and only few of them will become malignant [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During primary infection, the BLV provirus DNA is massively inserted into transcriptionally active sites of the host genomes, but only some resultant cell clones can further kept the provirus DNA integrated, and only few of them will become malignant [7]. Mass depletion of the cell pull with integrated BLV provirus DNA occurs during infection [6,7] due to immune response to viral antigens. Besides, BLV provirus location in transcriptionally active sites may gravely affect cell functions, when insertions into regulatory or coding sequences of key structural genes [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Infection Hazard of Carriers of Proviral Bovine Leukemia Virus and Its Evaluation With Regard to Leukocytosis

Kosovskii¹,

Glazko²,

Andreichenko³

et al. 2016

S-h. biol.

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A b s t r a c tThe spread of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) brings significant economic damage to dairy and beef cattle still due to the problems to develop the optimal methods for its prevention. The situation is compounded by the fact that the clinical manifestation of lymphocytic leukemia has been observed in animals during 5 to 10 years after infection in approximately 5-7 % of animals. Subdivision of BLV infected B cells on the producers of mature viral particles and precursors of the formation of lymphomas necessitates of separately consideration of the risk of infecting animals and forecast for development of lymphocytic leukemia. Testing antibodies to viral antigens, or provirus DNA insertion into the host genomes does not allow to reveal the most dangerous animals in view of their role in the infection spread, which is most essential for its control. In this regard, the particular urgency is the method development to assess the infection hazard from carriers of provirus DNA of bovine leukemia virus, associated with a large number of B lymphocytes, producing mature viral particles. In order to evaluate the possibility of using in these purposes not only testing individual animals on the quantity of viral RNA in blood samples, but the proliferative activity of leucocytes, these two characteristics were compared in the present work. The presence or absence of genome integrated provirus DNA in Black-and-White Holstein cows (n = 57, commercial herd) was evaluated and the group of infected animals was revealed when using primers designed by us for BLV gag and pol genes (G.Yu. Kosovoskii et al., 2013). The relative quantity expression of provirus in individual infected cows using RT-PCR analysis and primers to the fragment of the BLV pol gene were assessed. The counting of leukocytes in blood samples of all cows, included in the analysis, was performed. The number of leucocytes in cows free from infection, with the exception of one cow, was less than 1210 9 cells/l. This indicator in infected animals divided the investigated cows into two subgroupsin the first subgroup the leucocyte values did not exceed 1710 9 cells/l, in the second subgroup the number of leukocytes was significantly higher, reaching 2810 9 cells/l in some animals. It was important to note, that the amount (above 2010 9 cells/l) of BLV RNA, sufficient to detect by RT-PCR, was revealed only in the second subgroup. The coincidence of the increased leucocyte amount and the BLV RNA in blood of infected animals indicates that particular these cows represent the greatest infection hazard and suggests that the combination of estimates of the number of leukocytes and RNA BLV can be quite a reliable approach for the herd recovery by priority of their liquidation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Infection Hazard of Carriers of Proviral Bovine Leukemia Virus and Its Evaluation With Regard to Leukocytosis

Kosovskii¹,

Glazko²,

Andreichenko³

et al. 2016

S-h. biol.

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“…For example, in humans, infection with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) can cause adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia or HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (1,2). In cattle, BLV can cause persistent lymphocytosis or leukemia/lymphoma (3,4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of an endogenous Deltaretrovirus in the genome of long-fingered bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae)

Farkašová

Hron

Pačes

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Significance Retroviruses copy their RNA genome into complementary DNA, which is then inserted into the host chromosomal DNA as an obligatory part of their life cycle. Such integrated viral sequences, called proviruses, are passed to the infected cell progeny on cellular division. If germline cells are targeted, the proviruses become vertically inherited as other host genes and are called endogenous retroviruses. Deltaretroviruses, which include important human and veterinary pathogens (HTLV-1 and BLV), are the last retroviral genus for which endogenous forms were not known. We have identified a case of endogenous Deltaretrovirus, which entered the genome of long-fingered bat ancestors more than 20 million years ago. This finding opens the way for elucidating the deep evolutionary history of deltaretroviruses.

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“…Previous studies on BLV-induced leukemia/lymphoma were frequently presented as an animal model of HTLV-induced pathogenesis in humans. 1,68 Author took advantage of the close taxonomic and biological relationship between both retroviruses with the aim of identifying the genetic determinants of the neoplastic process that would be useful in designing potential novel therapies in humans. As a result of those investigations, the crucial role of BLV Tax and G4 genes was indicated and their oncogenic role was confirmed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result of those investigations, the crucial role of BLV Tax and G4 genes was indicated and their oncogenic role was confirmed. 68 Tax activates the CREB/ATF signaling pathway through the response element in the 5 0 LTR promoter, leading to enhanced transcription of the proviral genome. Also, signaling through the NF-kB-dependent pathway as evidenced by TAX-dependent upregulation of nuclear RelB/ p50 and p50/p50 NF-kappaB dimers seems to be essential for the disruption of normal B-cell homeostasis and tumor progression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteome analysis of sheep B lymphocytes in the course of bovine leukemia virus-induced leukemia

Reichert

2017

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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The submitted manuscript provides new data on the molecular mechanisms of BLVinduced tumorigenic process indicating the potential marker proteins both for monitoring the progression of the disease and as possible targets of pharmacological intervention. This is to my knowledge the first study of the proteome of the transformed lymphocytes in the course of bovine leukemia virus-induced leukemia in susceptible animals. BLV can be considered as useful model for related human pathogen -HTLV-1, another member of the deltaretrovirus genus evolutionary closely related to BLV. Information gathered in this study can be useful to speculate on possible shared mechanisms of deltaretrovirus-induced carcinogenesis. AbstractPresented are the results of a study of the expression pattern of different proteins in the course of bovine leukemia virus-induced leukemia in experimental sheep and I discuss how the obtained data may be useful in gaining a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, diagnosis, and for the selection of possible therapeutic targets. In cattle, the disease is characterized by life-long persistent lymphocytosis leading to leukemia/lymphoma in about 5% of infected animals. In sheep, as opposed to cattle, the course of the disease is always fatal and clinical symptoms usually occur within a three-year period after infection. For this reason, sheep are an excellent experimental model of retrovirus-induced leukemia. This model can be useful for human pathology, as bovine leukemia virus is closely related to human T-lymphotropic virus type 1. The data presented here provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of the bovine leukemia virus-induced tumorigenic process and indicate the potential marker proteins both for monitoring progression of the disease and as possible targets of pharmacological intervention. A study of the proteome of B lymphocytes from four leukemic sheep revealed 11 proteins with altered expression. Among them, cytoskeleton and intermediate filament proteins were the most abundant, although proteins belonging to the other functional groups, i.e. enzymes, regulatory proteins, and transcription factors, were also present. It was found that trypsin inhibitor, platelet factor 4, thrombospondin 1, vasodilatorstimulated phosphoprotein, fibrinogen alpha chain, zyxin, filamin-A, and vitamin D-binding protein were downregulated, whereas cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 5, non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein and small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein alpha were upregulated. Discussed are the possible mechanisms of their altered expression and its significance in the bovine leukemia virus-induced leukemogenic process.

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Recent Advances in BLV Research

Cited by 85 publications

References 49 publications

The Infection Hazard of Carriers of Proviral Bovine Leukemia Virus and Its Evaluation With Regard to Leukocytosis

The Infection Hazard of Carriers of Proviral Bovine Leukemia Virus and Its Evaluation With Regard to Leukocytosis

Discovery of an endogenous Deltaretrovirus in the genome of long-fingered bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae)

Proteome analysis of sheep B lymphocytes in the course of bovine leukemia virus-induced leukemia

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