Recent Advances in Carbon Nitride-Based S-scheme Photocatalysts for Solar Energy Conversion

Abstract

Energy shortages are a major challenge to the sustainable development of human society, and photocatalytic solar energy conversion is a potential way to alleviate energy problems. As a two-dimensional organic polymer semiconductor, carbon nitride is considered to be the most promising photocatalyst due to its stable properties, low cost, and suitable band structure. Unfortunately, pristine carbon nitride has low spectral utilization, easy recombination of electron holes, and insufficient hole oxidation ability. The S-scheme strategy has developed in recent years, providing a new perspective for effectively solving the above problems of carbon nitride. Therefore, this review summarizes the latest progress in enhancing the photocatalytic performance of carbon nitride via the S-scheme strategy, including the design principles, preparation methods, characterization techniques, and photocatalytic mechanisms of the carbon nitride-based S-scheme photocatalyst. In addition, the latest research progress of the S-scheme strategy based on carbon nitride in photocatalytic H2 evolution and CO2 reduction is also reviewed. Finally, some concluding remarks and perspectives on the challenges and opportunities for exploring advanced nitride-based S-scheme photocatalysts are presented. This review brings the research of carbon nitride-based S-scheme strategy to the forefront and is expected to guide the development of the next-generation carbon nitride-based S-scheme photocatalysts for efficient energy conversion.

One-Dimensional Tubular Carbon Nitride Embedded in Ni2P for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of H2 Evolution

“…Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ), as a nonmetallic semiconductor material, is considered a promising catalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions due to its simple preparation, low cost and suitable energy band structure (2.7 eV). However, bulk carbon nitride has the disadvantages of small specific surface area, narrow photoresponse range, and easy complexation of photogenerated carriers, which seriously hinder the photocatalytic performance of carbon nitride [13,14].…”

Efficient and Stable Degradation of Triazophos Pesticide by TiO2/WO3 Nanocomposites with S-Scheme Heterojunctions and Oxygen Defects

“…), including band gap deficiencies, stability issues, and inefficiencies in photogenerated electron and hole separation, hinder their further development. To overcome these challenges, composite materials, which can compensate for the band gap deficiencies of individual materials and efficiently segregate photogenerated electrons and holes [26][27][28][29][30], are gaining increasing attention, thereby enhancing the generation of oxidative radicals and the overall photocatalytic performance.…”