Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

Abstract

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging has become the gold standard for evaluating myocardial function, volumes, and scarring. Additionally, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging is unique in its comprehensive tissue characterization, including assessment of myocardial edema, myocardial siderosis, myocardial perfusion, and diffuse myocardial fibrosis. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging has become an indispensable tool in the evaluation of congenital heart disease, heart failure, cardiac masses, pericardial disease, and coronary artery disease. This review will highlight some recent novel cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging techniques, concepts, and applications.

MRI in cardio‐oncology: A review of cardiac complications in oncologic care

“…Native T 1 mapping provides a parametric map of T 1 values by acquisition of multiple images of the same region of myocardium at different times of T 1 recovery, so that each voxel can be assigned a value and fit to a model . One of the most prevalent techniques for T 1 mapping is the modified Look–Locker sequence (MOLLI) .…”

“…Research with LGE imaging continues to utilize various novel methods to improve upon this technique. Wideband late gadolinium‐enhanced techniques, for example, are currently being investigated to allow the use of MRI in patients with implantable cardiac devices …”

“…Advanced reconstruction techniques, like parallel imaging, k‐t‐accelerated imaging, and compressed sensing, reduce the amount of data needed to reconstruct an image. K‐t‐accelerated imaging reduces k ‐space sampling density by taking into account the temporal frequency dimension to reduce the degree of regular aliasing, while compressed sensing takes advantage of image sparsity . 3D cine bSSFP sequences enable images for LV function analysis to be obtained during a single breath‐hold without sacrificing clinically significant imaging quality and reduce the short‐axis cine LV series to 22 seconds from 8.5 minutes when using 2D cine bSSFP .…”

“…3D cine bSSFP sequences enable images for LV function analysis to be obtained during a single breath‐hold without sacrificing clinically significant imaging quality and reduce the short‐axis cine LV series to 22 seconds from 8.5 minutes when using 2D cine bSSFP . Other nonbreath‐hold and non‐ECG‐gated MRI techniques with compressed sensing are being tested that would greatly expand the clinical utility of MRI in patients unable to hold their breath and in pediatric patients . Improved perfusion imaging in cardiac MRI will potentially expand its utility in assessing coronary artery disease and myocardial ischemia.…”

Potential for Rapid and Cost‐Effective Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in the Developing (and Developed) World

“…Several approaches have been taken in recent years to overcome this. A major engineering push in CMR technique development is to make the image acquisition faster, primarily through methods of faster image reconstruction 2. Parallel imaging, which reconstructs images using data acquired from multiple surface coils, has been in use for over a decade, but the speedup factor for this is only 2‐ to 3‐fold.…”