2005
DOI: 10.2174/1385272054880214
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Recent Advances in Catalytic Asymmetric Addition to Imines and Related C=N Systems

Abstract: Addition reactions to imines are relatively less developed compared to those of carbonyl compounds due to low electrophilicity and ease of α-deprotonation. With the use of an appropriate activator, which can coordinate to the imine nitrogen atom, the electrophilicity of the imine can be enhanced and a range of nucleophilic addition reactions becomes possible. When the activator is chiral, it will also create chiral environment and will direct the approach of the nucleophile to one face of the imine over the ot… Show more

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Cited by 150 publications
(35 citation statements)
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References 262 publications
(325 reference statements)
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“…Since 2004, [16] this perception has transformed both steadily and dramatically. This Minireview focuses on the range of advances made in recent years using Brønsted acids to activate electrophiles [17] toward carbon-carbon bond formation with diazoalkanes. Although the focus here is the diazoalkane, the rather surprising compatibility of strong Brønsted acids with other nucleophiles has also been discovered.…”
Section: Brønsted Acid "Compatibility" With Diazo Compoundsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Since 2004, [16] this perception has transformed both steadily and dramatically. This Minireview focuses on the range of advances made in recent years using Brønsted acids to activate electrophiles [17] toward carbon-carbon bond formation with diazoalkanes. Although the focus here is the diazoalkane, the rather surprising compatibility of strong Brønsted acids with other nucleophiles has also been discovered.…”
Section: Brønsted Acid "Compatibility" With Diazo Compoundsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bis zur ersten asymmetrischen Strecker-Synthese mit einem in situ gebildeten chiralen Imin vergingen über 100 Jahre, [2] und es dauerte noch bis Mitte der 1990er Jahre, bevor allgemeine enantioselektive Strecker-Katalysen entwickelt worden sind. [3] Mittlerweile sind nun hocheffiziente katalytische Systeme zur Bildung chiraler a-Aminonitrile aus Aldiminen in breiter Auswahl verfügbar. [3,4] Die entsprechenden Umwandlungen von Ketiminen, deren erste effektive asymmetrische Katalyse im Jahr 2000 beschrieben wurde, [5] haben sich allerdings als problematischer und von geringerer Bandbreite erwiesen.…”
unclassified
“…[3] Mittlerweile sind nun hocheffiziente katalytische Systeme zur Bildung chiraler a-Aminonitrile aus Aldiminen in breiter Auswahl verfügbar. [3,4] Die entsprechenden Umwandlungen von Ketiminen, deren erste effektive asymmetrische Katalyse im Jahr 2000 beschrieben wurde, [5] haben sich allerdings als problematischer und von geringerer Bandbreite erwiesen. Zum einen sind Ketimine weniger elektrophil als Aldimine, im Kontext der asymmetrischen Katalyse ist jedoch ein anderer Aspekt von größerer Wichtigkeit: Katalysatoren haben größere Schwierigkeiten, zwischen den enantiotopen Molekülflächen eines Ketimins zu unterscheiden, was auf das Vorliegen eines sterisch relativ anspruchsvollen Restes anstelle des kleinen Wasserstoffsubstituenten am Aldimin zurückzuführen ist.…”
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“…[1] Consequently, a number of synthetically useful addition reactions for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds have been developed with organolithium, [2] Grignard, [3] dialkyl zinc, [4] alkenyl zirconium, [5] aryl tin, [6] aryl titanium, [7] and aryl boron [8] reagents as nucleophiles, including some very efficient catalytic enantioselective procedures. [9] Despite this great progress, limitations in the scope of this reaction remain, especially with regard to functional-group compatibility. Highly reactive organometallic species, such as organolithium or Grignard reagents, have typically been used for the alkylation of imines, as the reactions occur under mild conditions with such reagents.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%