“…Electronic noses are widely employed in food research to characterize the overall flavor profiles (S. Li, Du, Wang, & Wei, 2022 ; Wei, Dan, Zhao, & Wang, 2023 ), such as distinguishing between different varieties of oolong tea ( He et al, 2022 ), black olives ( Sánchez et al, 2022 ), and coffees ( Dong, Zhao, Hu, Dong, & Tan, 2017 ) based on their species. In this study, the E -nose was used to analyze the overall flavor of different radish varieties.…”