(1 of 21)their novel electrical, [9,10,[16][17][18][19][20][21] magnetical, [22,23] optical, [13,[24][25][26][27][28] catalytical, [29][30][31] thermal [32,33] and mechanical properties [34,35] that cannot been seen in the traditional bulk materials. These exciting properties [14,[36][37][38][39][40][41] of TMDCs have offered unprecedented platforms for opening up new fundamental research [21,[42][43][44] and technological innovation. [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53] TMDCs are formed of a "sandwich" structure with two chalcogen atoms layers (S, Se, Te) separated by a transition metal atoms layer (for instance Mo, W, V, Nb, Ti and so on) [38,39] which is different from the single carbon atomic lattice of graphene. [54][55][56][57][58][59][60] Similar with graphite, TMDCs are characterized by the weak van der Waals interaction between interlayers and strong intralayer covalent bonding. Therefore, it offers fantastic transferability of exfoliation of the bulk TMDCs into few-or even single-layered structures by physical or chemical methods, such as mechanical exfoliation by adhesive tape, [61][62][63] liquid exfoliation, [64][65][66][67] and chemical exfoliation assisted by ion intercalation. [68][69][70] Group VI transition metal element [15] dichalcogenides (MX 2 , M = Mo, W; X = S, Se, etc.) have become the flagship materials among the family of 2D-TMDCs layered materials after graphene. [71,72] The electronic and optoelectronic properties of group VI dichalcogenides (MX 2 ) are remarkably affected by the thickness or the number of layers in MX 2 . For example, the band gap of MX 2 could be effectively tuned by the thickness. In addition, the transition from indirect band gap to direct band gap for the semiconducting trigonal prismatic MX 2 as the thickness decreased to a monolayer, [73,74] which results in photoluminescence (PL) enhancement. [75] The semiconducting nature of trigonal prismatic MX 2 guarantees the advantages for future nano-electronic and optoelectronic development based on its high on/off current ratio performance and the presence of fascinating bandgap transition emissions. More importantly, valley pseudospin and layer pseudospin resulting from the strong spin-orbit coupling have been demonstrated in monolayer and few-layered MX 2 , [76][77][78] which is crucial for extensive exploration of spintronics and valleytronic devices. Interestingly, 2D-MX 2 exhibits a variety of infusive characteristics beyond their bulk counterparts due to the quantum confinement and surface effects, [79] which are the most frequently In recent years, ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), such as MX 2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se, etc.) have become the flagship materials after graphene. 2D-MX 2 have attracted significant attention due to their novel properties arising from their strict dimensional confinement as well as strong spin-orbit coupling effects, which provides an ideal platform for exploring new fundamental research and realizing technological innovation. The 2D nature and the...