Recent advances in cortical visual impairment

Good, William V.; Jan, James E.; Burden, Susan K.; Skoczenski, Ann M.; Candy, T. Rowan

doi:10.1017/s0012162201000093

Cited by 167 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…CVI is a rising significant public health concern and currently the most common cause of severe visual impairment/blindness in the pediatric population [26, 27]. For example, a population based study in the United Kingdom of newly diagnosed children with severe vision loss/blindness found that CVI (48%) was the most common causal disorder compared to damage to the retina (29%) or optic nerve (28%) [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling How the Brain is “Wired” in Cortical (Cerebral) Visual Impairment

Merabet

Mayer

Bauer

et al. 2017

Seminars in Pediatric Neurology

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Cortical/cerebral visual impairment (CVI) results from perinatal injury to visual processing structures and pathways of the brain and is the most common cause of severe visual impairment/blindness in children in developed countries. Children with CVI display a wide range of visual deficits including decreased visual acuity, impaired visual field function, as well as impairments in higher order visual processing and attention. Together, these visual impairments can dramatically impact upon a child’s development and well-being. Given the complex neurological underpinnings of this condition, CVI is often undiagnosed by eye care practitioners. Furthermore, the neurophysiological basis of CVI in relation to observed visual processing deficits remains poorly understood. Here, we present some of the challenges associated with the clinical assessment and management of individuals with CVI. We discuss how advances in brain imaging are likely to help uncover the underlying neurophysiology of this condition. In particular, we demonstrate how structural and functional neuroimaging approaches can help gain insight into abnormalities of white matter connectivity and cortical activation patterns respectively. Establishing a connection between how changes within the brain relate to visual impairments in CVI will be important for developing effective rehabilitative and education strategies for individuals living with this condition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling How the Brain is “Wired” in Cortical (Cerebral) Visual Impairment

Merabet

Mayer

Bauer

et al. 2017

Seminars in Pediatric Neurology

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“…Research on visual evoked potentials (VEPs) has focused on this method's usefulness in confirming CVI or on its prognostic value for visual outcome. VEP appear to be a useful supplemental tool, but they have limitations, and clinicians should not to rush to predict a poor or good outcome solely on the basis of these findings 4,7,8 . …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…objective evaluation of visual system conduction meets some difficulties. Visual evoked potentials (VEP) is a a more practical neurophysiologic method for CVI evaluation in children 4,5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical visual impairment in children with acute encephalitis syndrome

Gunawan

Primayani

Saharso

2016

Bangladesh J Med Sci

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Abstract:Background: Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is one of cortical visual impairment (CVI) causes. There were only few studies about cortical visual involvement in children with AES. Objective: To describe CVI in children with AES. Methods: This study included all children with AES during January to March 2014, were examined for visual evoked potential (VEP) to evaluate cortical visual pathway. AES was defined as clinical condition characterized by acute onset of fever, a change in mental status, and/or new onset of seizures. CVI was defined as vision loss caused by central nervous system damage confirmed by VEP. Results: There were 9 children with AES and all showed bilateral CVI. The age range between 6 to 48 months old, with 7 males and 2 females. Visual evoked potential result showed 8 children with demyelinating type and 1 with axonal type. Conclusion: Type of CVI caused by AES can be demyelinating type or axonal type.

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“…This difference may be due to abnormal geniculostriate visual pathways that could result in abnormal stereopsis, reduced visual acuity, and optokinetic nystagmus 18 19. An impaired oculomotor system may also cause abnormal fixation, ocular movements, and strabismus 20 21.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%