Recent advances in developing optical and electrochemical sensors for analysis of methamphetamine: A review

Abstract

The origin of MAMP and its side effects have been reported. The optical and electrochemical sensors for sensing MAMP have been reviewed. The advantages and drawbacks of the applied modifiers and interfaces have been described. The undeniable role of nanotechnology in the expansion of the MAMP sensors has been described. Some offers for commercializing of MAMP sensors for the rutin analysis with low cost have been proposed.

Interpol Review of Drug Analysis 2019-2022

“…2019 Analysis of aerosolized methylamphetamine from e-cigarettes using SPME-DART-HRMS and SPME-GC-MS [ 162 ]; fluorescent nanosensor for detection of methylamphetamine [ 163 ]; supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method could be a powerful analytical tool for methylamphetamine impurity profiling [ 164 ]; 2020 a novel fluorescent nanosensor based on graphene quantum dots embedded within molecularly imprinted polymer was developed for detection and determination of methylamphetamine [ 165 ]; chemosensor for detection of MA [ 166 ]; determination of the stereoisomeric distribution of R-(−)- and S-(+)-MA using HPLC-MS and GC-MS [ 167 ]; use of IRMS alongside conventional chemical profiling techniques to investigate whether methylamphetamine samples of differing P2P origins can be distinguished through drug profiling [ 168 ]; smartphone-based device for rapid on-site MA detection [ 169 ]; fluorescent drug detection device based on LED induction (FD-LED) for MA [ 170 ]; NIR-PLS quantitative modelfor seven adulterants with MA purity ranging from 10% to 100%, [ 171 ]; fluorescent nanosensor for detection of MA [ 172 ]; 2021 fluorescence resonance energy transfer-thermal lens spectrometry (FRET-TLS) for the determination of MA [ 173 ]; H-1 NMR method for discrimination of the enantiomers of MA from ephedrine and pseudoephedrine using chiral solvents [ 174 ]; review of the optical and electrochemical sensors used to date for MA detection in seized and biological samples [ 175 ]; development of an IMS method to detect MA using pyridine as a dopant in the presence of nicotine [ 176 ]; development and validation of a modified LC-ESI-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of MA and its isomer N-isopropylbenzylamine (N-IBA) in forensic samples [ 177 ]; SERS method for detection of MA [ 178 , 179 ]; investigation of the reaction mechanisms of three different synthesis methods (Nagai, Hypo, and Moscow) for MA [ 180 ]; establishment of likelihood ration models to evaluate the cause of MA contamination resulting from either use or clandestine manufacturing [ 181 ]; 2022 study of forensic markers of 1-phenyl-2-propanone synthetic pathways for identification of precoursors to methamphetamine [ 182 ]; impurity profiling of MA synthesized from alpha-phenylacetoacetonitrile (APAAN) including the identification of five new impurities and two previously identified impurities [ 183 ]; investigation of the use of stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) to determine the precursor and precursor origin of MA drug samples [ 184 ]; development of an electrochemical detection technique to determine the residual methamphetamine contamination on household surfaces [ 1...…”

Graphene-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Psychoactive Drugs

“…Its uncontrolled use can affect body balance, cause increased blood pressure and heart rate, and affects body temperature and behavior [90,91]. Many authors have, in the past, worked on voltammetric, potentiometric, impedimetric, amperometric and electrochemiluminometric sensors to detect methamphetamine [92]; there is less research utilizing graphene's unique characteristics to develop a selective graphene-based electrochemical sensor for methamphetamine.…”

Challenges and future trends in wearable closed-loop neuromodulation to efficiently treat methamphetamine addiction

“…Conventional approaches to detect METH usage include analysis of sweat, saliva, or urine (21)(22)(23). In addition, hair analysis may be used (24).…”