Recent advances in development of additively manufactured thermosets and fiber reinforced thermosetting composites: Technologies, materials, and mechanical properties

Mahshid, Rasoul; Isfahani, Mahdi Naem; Heidari-Rarani, M.; Mirkhalaf, Mohsen

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2023.107584

Cited by 50 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…For any cellular material, from energy absorption perspective, the magnitude and length of the stress until the densification region are encouraging for sufficient energy absorption. In this work, according to the estimated strain of densification and the calculated energy absorption, the mean value of the nominal stress (σ m ) of the crushed specimens was calculated and expressed as illustrated in equation (8). Moreover, plateau stress (σ pl ) was expressed as illustrated in equation ( 8) [33].…”

Section: The Mechanical Performance Of the Crushed Mrcamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, it is difficult to manufacture cellular materials using traditional manufacturing methods while maintaining an acceptable cost of the parent materials, high dimensional accuracy, design flexibility with an accurate monitoring and control to modify the required design [4][5][6]. Manufacturing challenges are overcome by modern manufacturing such as additive manufacturing (AM) where a layer-by-layer manufacturing concept is adopted [7,8]. In fact, AM facilitates manufacturing any cellular structure, despite their size or internal and external complexity [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compressive properties of a modified re-entrant chiral auxetic structure (MRCA) under uniaxial quasi-static loading

Alomarah,

Hamdoon,

Al-Ibraheemi

et al. 2024

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Auxetics are a unique class of innovative materials/structures. Auxetic material/structures possess a negative value of Poisson’s ratio owing to the distinguished deformation behavior represented by the transvers expansion or contraction when they experience uniaxial stretching or compression, respectively. The aim of this manuscript is to show contributions of the structural modification on an auxetic hybrid structure. The in-plane properties of an auxetic structure, called the modified re-entrant chiral auxetic (MRCA) structure under quasi-static compression were experimentally and numerically explored. The experimental specimens were 3D printed using fused deposition modelling (FDM) technique. The commercial ABAQUS/Explicit solver was used to develop the simulated models. Results showed that the structural modification have led to effectively improve deformation coordination (i.e. uniform deformation patterns) and the compressive properties of the modified structure. Young’s moduli were 1.75 and 12.7 higher than those of the original geometry, while values of plateau stress were 3.1 and 1.23 higher than those of the original geometry when they were compressed along the X and Y axes, respectively. The specific energy absorptions per unit mass (SEA) were 4.7 J/g and 3.9 J/g when the MRCA specimens were compressed along the X and Y axes, respectively. However, the added cylinders limited the auxeticity (i.e. the transvers contraction) of the specimens during the compression tests.

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Section: The Mechanical Performance Of the Crushed Mrcamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compressive properties of a modified re-entrant chiral auxetic structure (MRCA) under uniaxial quasi-static loading

Alomarah,

Hamdoon,

Al-Ibraheemi

et al. 2024

Smart Mater. Struct.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The principle included the in-situ impregnation of fibers through a liquid resin reservoir, resulting in the composite being extruded through a nozzle and then cured either by a heat or light source, such as one may see in Figure 2. Reinforcements are mainly synthetic fibers such as CF, GF, or Aramid [49][50][51], with thermoset resins such as epoxy [52,53], photo-curable acrylic resins [54,55], phenolic resins [56], or frontal polymerization resins [57].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Three-Dimensional Printing of Composites: A Review of the Finite Element/Finite Volume Modelling of the Process

Zach,

Dudescu

2024

J. Compos. Sci.

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Composite materials represent the evolution of material science and technology, maximizing the properties for high-end industry applications. The fields concerned include aerospace and defense, automotive, or naval industries. Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are increasingly growing in market shares due to the elimination of shape barriers, a plethora of available materials, and the reduced costs. The AM technologies of composite materials combine the two growing trends in manufacturing, combining the advantages of both, with a specific enhancement being the elimination of the need for mold manufacturing for composites, or even post-curing treatments. The challenge of AM composites is to compete with their conventional counterparts. The aim of the current paper is to present the additive manufacturing process across different spectrums of finite element analyses (FEA). The first outcomes are building definition (support definition) and the optimization of deposition trajectories. In addition, the multi-physics of melting/solidification using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are performed to predict the fiber orientation and extrusion profiles. The process modelling continues with the displacement/temperature distribution, which influences porosity, warping, and residual stresses that influence characteristics of the component. This leads to the tuning of the technological parameters, thus improving the manufacturing process.

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“…As chemical cross-linked three-dimensional networks, thermosetting polymers, including phenolic resins, 1 epoxy resins, 2 and silicone resins, 3 exhibit outstanding thermomechanical properties, chemical resistance, and structural stability. 4 Consequently, thermosets find extensive applications in coatings, adhesives, composite materials, and various other fields, constituting 15−20% of global polymer production. 5 Nevertheless, their permanent cross-linking structures render them considerable challenges in terms of recycling or reprocessing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulating the Properties of Boronic-Based Dynamic Covalent Materials via Positional Isomerism and Tailored Functionality

Fan,

Wang,

Feng

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Dynamic covalent materials have received increasing attention due to their exceptional reprocessing and remolding capabilities, aligning with the requirements of a sustainable circular economy. Despite significant advancements, there remains a lack of systematic understanding regarding the influence of sophisticated molecular structures of building blocks on the thermal, mechanical, and dynamic properties of these materials. In this study, we demonstrate that the positional isomerism and tailored functionality of poly(propylene glycol) (PPG)-based building blocks exert a significant impact on the properties of boronic ester-based dynamic covalent materials. bi/tri-glucosamide-terminated PPG and ortho/meta/para-iminomethyl phenylboronic acid-terminated PPG were combined to fabricate boronic ester-cross-linked materials. Both tri-functional glucosamide and para-iminomethyl phenylboronic acid substantially enhance the glass transition temperature and the mechanical strength of the resulting materials. The dynamic properties of boronic ester give these materials solvent-assisted healing and reprocessing capabilities, allowing them to replace traditional polymer matrixes and showing broad application prospects in the field of flexible conductive materials. Our findings provide an interesting perspective on modulating the properties of dynamic covalent materials through positional isomerism and tailored functionality.

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Recent advances in development of additively manufactured thermosets and fiber reinforced thermosetting composites: Technologies, materials, and mechanical properties

Cited by 50 publications

References 100 publications

Compressive properties of a modified re-entrant chiral auxetic structure (MRCA) under uniaxial quasi-static loading

Compressive properties of a modified re-entrant chiral auxetic structure (MRCA) under uniaxial quasi-static loading

The Three-Dimensional Printing of Composites: A Review of the Finite Element/Finite Volume Modelling of the Process

Modulating the Properties of Boronic-Based Dynamic Covalent Materials via Positional Isomerism and Tailored Functionality

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