Recent advances in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction using organic solvents lighter than water. A review

Kocúrová, Lívia; Balogh, Ioseph S.; Šandrejová, Jana; Andruch, Vasiľ

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2011.12.002

Cited by 260 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Nevertheless, this technique has some limitations, which are related mainly to the requirements posed for the extraction and disperser solvents. Only solvents slightly soluble in water and denser than water (mostly carbon disulfide and chlorinated solvents, for example: carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene or chlorobenzene) or high-melting liquids having densities lower than water (for instance, 1-undecanol, 1-dodecanol or hexadecane) can be used as extractants [27][28][29][30]. Regarding this second group of solvents, the sample needs additionally to be cooled and then the solidified drop of solvent is collected from the vial, melted and analyzed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast, sensitive and reliable multi-residue method for routine determination of 34 pesticides from various chemical groups in water samples by using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Tankiewicz

Biziuk

2017

Anal Bioanal Chem

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A simple and efficient dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique (DLLME) was developed by using a mixture of two solvents: 40 μL of tetrachlorethylene (extraction solvent) and 1.0 mL of methanol (disperser solvent), which was rapidly injected with a syringe into 10 mL of water sample. Some important parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, such as type and volume of solvents, water sample volume, extraction time, temperature, pH adjustment and salt addition effect were investigated. Simultaneous determination of 34 commonly used pesticides was performed by using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The procedure has been validated in order to obtain the highest efficiency at the lowest concentration levels of analytes to fulfill the requirements of regulations on maximum residue limits. Under the optimum conditions, the linearity range was within 0.0096-100 μg L −1 . The limits of detection (LODs) of the developed DLLME-GC-MS methodology for all investigated pesticides were in the range of 0.0032 (endrin)-0.0174 (diazinon) μg L −1 and limits of quantification (LOQs) from 0.0096 to 0.052 μg L −1 . At lower concentration of 1 μg L −1 for each pesticide, recoveries ranged between 84% (tebufenpyrad) and 108% (deltamethrin) with relative standard deviations (RSDs) (n = 7) from 1.1% (metconazole) to 11% (parathion-mehtyl). This methodology was successfully applied to check contamination of environmental samples. The procedure has proved to be selective, sensitive and precise for the simultaneous determination of various pesticides. The optimized analytical method is very simple and rapid (less than 5 min).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast, sensitive and reliable multi-residue method for routine determination of 34 pesticides from various chemical groups in water samples by using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Tankiewicz

Biziuk

2017

Anal Bioanal Chem

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“…28 Nowadays, based on principals of green chemistry, liquid phase microextraction techniques have become very popular and many new and microextraction techniques have been developed based on classical liquid-liquid extraction. 29 Of these, we can name headspace single drop microextraction, 30 direct immersion single drop microextraction, 31 solidification of floating organic drop microextraction, 32 dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, 33 narrow bore dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, 34 and cold induced dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. 35 In all of these techniques extractant must be an organic solvent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Novel Micro-Cloud Point Extraction for Preconcentration and Spectrophotometric Determination of Azo Dyes

Ghasemi¹,

Kaykhaii²

2016

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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A novel room temperature micro-cloud point extraction procedure using triton X-114 surfactant as extracting phase was developed for preconcentration and extraction of three azo dyes (orange G, methyl orange, and acid red 18) from aqueous samples using molecular absorption spectrophotometry in the visible region. The effects of different parameters such as concentration of surfactant and added salting out reagent (Na 2 SO 4 ), pH and type of diluting solvent on microextraction were studied and optimized. Under optimum conditions, calibration curves were linear in the range of 2.0-10.0, 0.2-1.0 and 2-12 mg L -1 with the detection limit of 1.6, 0.6 and 111.0 μg L -1 for orange G, methyl orange and acid red 18, respectively. The relative standard deviation was better than 13.12%. The method was applied to the determination of the azo dyes in water samples. Keywords: micro cloud point extraction, orange G, methyl orange, acid red 18, water analysis IntroductionThe importance of synthetic dyes in today industries can't be denied.1 Every year, thousands tons of such dyes are consumed in food, paper, leather, and textile industries.2,3 From these industries, large volumes of dyes are released to environment and find their way to water and soil. Environmental pollution with dyes can have dire effect on animal, plants, and human health. [4][5][6][7] One of the most important families of dyes is azo dyes that contain −N=N− bond in their structures.8 So far azo dyes have found many applications. Some azo dyes are quite harmful and poisonous, 9 and even those that are not toxic, like acid red 18, can be harmful if used in excess.10 Therefore the importance of their removal/decolorization 11-13 and their determinations [14][15][16][17] solvent (up to 3 mL). 44 To overcome these problems, in our previous work we introduced a micro-cloud point extraction (MCPE) technique. 45 While sustaining the merits of CPE, in MCPE water bath step is completely eliminated and the consumption of toxic organic solvents has been reduced from a few mL to a few ten μL. These make MCPE a fast, inexpensive, and green technique.In this paper MCPE was successfully applied for the determination of three azo dyes, orange G, methyl orange, and acid red 18 (Figure 1) in tap and wastewater samples. Acid red 18 (Panceau 4R) is a popular food color 46 and many methods have been proposed for its determination. 47,48 Methyl orange (acid orange 52 or gold orange) and orange G (orange gelb or wool orange) have many applications as textile dyeing stuff and staining agents in laboratories. These three dyes are of the most abundant used dyeing agents throughout the world and therefore can find their way to environmental sources as hazardous pollutions. 49,50 To our best knowledge this is the first report of determination of theses dyes with cloud point procedure. Non-ionic surfactant, triton X-114, was used as the extractant phase. Experimental InstrumentA Shimadzu UV-Vis spectrophotometer, UV-160 (Kyoto, Japan), equipped with two microcells (10 μL capacity, Star...

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“…Various methods including solvent extraction (LLE), 11 cloud point extraction (CPE), 12 coprecipitation, 8 solid phase extraction (SPE), 13 and ion-exchange 14 have been widely used for the preconcentration of Pd. 15,16 However, most of these techniques suffer from the disadvantages of being time-consuming, using large amounts of toxic organic solvents and being relatively expensive leading to introducing dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique (DLLME) by Rezaee et al [17][18][19] Because of the advantages of DLLME such as rapidity of operation, simplicity, low cost, high enrichment factor and low environmental impact, 20 this technique has attracted the attention of researchers and has been growing more popular in recent years. 19,21 Combining DLLME with liquid phase microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet (DLLME-SFO), by Leong et al 22 resulted in developing a new microextraction technique termed as DLLME-SFO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Method Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Drop for Preconcentration of Pd(II) by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Complexation by a Thienyl Substituted 1,2-Ethanediamine

et al. 2015

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A novel dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method based on solidification of floating organic drop (DLLME-SFO) was developed for the preconcentration of ultratrace amounts of palladium (Pd)(II) before its determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Diphenyl ether (m.p. 26 C) was used for the first time as a heavier than water organic solvent in the developed method. Pd was complexed by N,N′-bis(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)ethane-1,2-diamine to be extracted into the dispersed diphenyl ether phase using acetonitril as the disperser solvent. Upon cooling and centrifugation, the organic solvent was sedimented at the bottomn and the aqueous phase was easily decantated. Some factors influencing the extraction efficiency of Pd(II) and its subsequent determination, including extraction and dispersive solvent type and volume, pH of sample solution, concentration of the chelating agent and salting out effect, were studied and optimized both with univariate and multivariate methods. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration graph exhibited linearity over a range of 10 -120 μg L -1 . The enrichment factor was 83.3, the detection limit for Pd (3σ) was 47 ng L -1 and the relative standard deviation was 3.2% (n = 10, 1 ng mL -1 ). The method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amounts of Pd(II) in water samples.

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Recent advances in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction using organic solvents lighter than water. A review

Cited by 260 publications

References 51 publications

Fast, sensitive and reliable multi-residue method for routine determination of 34 pesticides from various chemical groups in water samples by using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Fast, sensitive and reliable multi-residue method for routine determination of 34 pesticides from various chemical groups in water samples by using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Application of a Novel Micro-Cloud Point Extraction for Preconcentration and Spectrophotometric Determination of Azo Dyes

A Novel Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Method Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Drop for Preconcentration of Pd(II) by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Complexation by a Thienyl Substituted 1,2-Ethanediamine

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