Recent advances in electrooptic polymer modulators incorporating highly nonlinear chromophore

Oh, Min‐Cheol; Zhang, Hua; Zhang, Cheng; Erlig, H.; Chang, Yian; Tsap, B.; Chang, Daniel H.; Szep, Attila; Steier, William H.; Fetterman, Harold R.; Dalton, Larry R.

doi:10.1109/2944.979344

Cited by 148 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…One of the last remaining challenges for an industrial adoption of SOH modulators is a potential photo-induced degradation of the organic EO chromophores due to the high optical intensities in the nanoscopic slot waveguide. Studies have shown that the degradation process is caused by an oxidation of the EO chromophores, and that it can be prevented by operating the modulators in an oxygen-free environment [20,37]. This can be achieved by, e.g., applying an oxygen-blocking encapsulation on the devices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of long-term thermally stable silicon-organic hybrid modulators at 85 °C

Kieninger¹,

Kutuvantavida²,

Miura³

et al. 2018

Opt. Express

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We report on the first demonstration of long-term thermally stable silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) modulators in accordance with Telcordia standards for high-temperature storage. The devices rely on an organic electro-optic sidechain polymer with a high glass transition temperature of 172 °C. In our high-temperature storage experiments at 85 °C, we find that the electro-optic activity converges to a constant long-term stable level after an initial decay. If we consider a burn-in time of 300 h, the π-voltage of the modulators increases on average by less than 15% if we store the devices for an additional 2400 h. The performance of the devices is demonstrated by generating high-quality 40 Gbit/s OOK signals both after the burn-in period and after extended high-temperature storage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of long-term thermally stable silicon-organic hybrid modulators at 85 °C

Kieninger¹,

Kutuvantavida²,

Miura³

et al. 2018

Opt. Express

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“…To reduce this, one can increase the refractive index contrast between the optical waveguide core and the cladding material. Despite this large index contrast, to satisfy the single mode condition an inverted-rib waveguide structure (type B) is necessary, as shown in Figure 1b [13]. In this experiment, the refractive indices of the core and cladding materials were 1.455 and 1.440, respectively, and the refractive index contrast was 0.0150, which was twice as large as that of the type A.…”

Section: Device Designmentioning

confidence: 94%

Optical Waveguide Tunable Phase Delay Lines Based on the Superior Thermo-Optic Effect of Polymer

et al. 2018

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Strong thermo-optic effect of polymers is useful for fabricating tunable phase-delay devices with low power consumption and wide tuning range. However, if the temperature change is increased to extend the tuning range, an attenuation of the guided light is accompanied by the refractive index gradient across the waveguide core. For three different waveguide structures, in this study, the optimal structure of the device for a variable phase delay line was found by investigating the attenuation and interference phenomena accompanying phase modulation. By improving the uniformity of thermal distribution across the waveguide core, a phase delay of 130π rad was obtained with an output attenuation less than 0.5 dB.

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“…As a result, the effective index difference between the core and the lateral cladding area is reduced, and then only a single mode satisfies the guiding condition even for the large core dimension. The oversized rib waveguide has been used to produce a single mode waveguide in a high contrast waveguide based on silicon on insulator 28 , and an electro-optic polymer 29 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband integrated optic polarization splitters by incorporating polarization mode extracting waveguide

Huang

Park

2017

Sci Rep

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A compact integrated optic polarization splitter is highly anticipated for polarization multiplexed optical communications, dual polarization optical sensors, single photon quantum signal processing, etc. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a polarization mode extracting device using a highly birefringent crosslinked liquid crystal polymer, reactive mesogen. The device includes the birefringent material inserted into a Y-branch optical waveguide to extract the TE polarized mode. A polarization splitting ratio of 27 dB was obtained, and a crosstalk of less than −25 dB was maintained for a wavelength range of 1500~1600 nm. The device exhibited good thermal stability at 100 °C for 12 hours. The broadband operating characteristic is a unique advantage of the proposed mode extracting polarization splitter.

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Recent advances in electrooptic polymer modulators incorporating highly nonlinear chromophore

Cited by 148 publications

References 29 publications

Demonstration of long-term thermally stable silicon-organic hybrid modulators at 85 °C

Demonstration of long-term thermally stable silicon-organic hybrid modulators at 85 °C

Optical Waveguide Tunable Phase Delay Lines Based on the Superior Thermo-Optic Effect of Polymer

Broadband integrated optic polarization splitters by incorporating polarization mode extracting waveguide

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