Recent Advances in Field Effect Transistor Biosensors: Designing Strategies and Applications for Sensitive Assay

Abstract

In comparison with traditional clinical diagnosis methods, field−effect transistor (FET)−based biosensors have the advantages of fast response, easy miniaturization and integration for high−throughput screening, which demonstrates their great technical potential in the biomarker detection platform. This mini review mainly summarizes recent advances in FET biosensors. Firstly, the review gives an overview of the design strategies of biosensors for sensitive assay, including the structures of devices, functionalization methods and semiconductor materials used. Having established this background, the review then focuses on the following aspects: immunoassay based on a single biosensor for disease diagnosis; the efficient integration of FET biosensors into a large−area array, where multiplexing provides valuable insights for high−throughput testing options; and the integration of FET biosensors into microfluidics, which contributes to the rapid development of lab−on−chip (LOC) sensing platforms and the integration of biosensors with other types of sensors for multifunctional applications. Finally, we summarize the long−term prospects for the commercialization of FET sensing systems.

Advancement in Biosensor Technologies of 2D MaterialIntegrated with Cellulose—Physical Properties

“…Graphene-like 2D materials and cellulose were utilized to develop biosensors for DNA detection. One study investigated the interaction of a two-dimensional metal oxide with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) as a potential method for detecting viral infections [ 45 ]. Spectroscopic measurements confirmed strong interactions between ssDNA and the metal oxide, suggesting its efficacy in detecting viral infections.…”

“…Cellulose-based biosensors have shown promise but may require additional chemical treatments due to their hydrophilic nature being incompatible with certain molecular sensors [ 47 ]. Moreover, there is a need for advancements in miniaturizing cholesterol and dopamine biosensors for lab-on-chip devices to overcome existing technical limitations and enable convenient use by patients at home [ 45 ].…”

Material biologikoen integrazioa teknologian: biosentsoreak

“…Zehazki, eremu-efektuko transistoreak erabiltzen dituzten biosentsoreak etorkizun handiko hautagai bihurtu dira hainbat aplikaziotarako, besteak beste, horien funtzionamendu errazari, sentikortasun handiari, erantzuteko abiadura azkarrari eta miniaturizazio errazari esker [24]. Era berean, gailu estandarrak erabiliz eraiki daitezke eta horrek arrakasta izaten laguntzen du.…”

A Drug Molecule-Modified Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Nanosensor for Rapid, Label-Free, and Ultrasensitive Detection of Estrogen Receptor α Protein

“…Among the various biosensors, field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors have many obvious advantages, including ultrasensitivity, label-free detection, fast speed, and small amounts of analytes. − So, FET biosensors are considered to be potentially useful in the diagnosis of diseases. Zhang et al bound ER proteins to silicon nanowire (SiNW) biosensor surface to specifically capture the EREs (dsDNA) by exploiting the properties of ER and estrogen response element (ERE) interactions.…”