Recent Advances in Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells: Fabrication and Applications

Abstract

Flexible perovskite solar cells have attracted widespread research effort because of their potential in portable electronics. The efficiency has exceeded 18 % owing to the high‐quality perovskite film achieved by various low‐temperature fabrication methods and matching of the interface and electrode materials. This Review focuses on recent progress in flexible perovskite solar cells concerning low‐temperature fabrication methods to improve the properties of perovskite films, such as full coverage, uniform morphology, and good crystallinity; demonstrated interface layers used in flexible perovskite solar cells, considering key figures‐of‐merit such as high transmittance, high carrier mobility, suitable band gap, and easy fabrication via low‐temperature methods; flexible transparent electrode materials developed to enhance the mechanical stability of the devices; mechanical and long‐term environmental stability; an outlook of flexible perovskite solar cells in portable electronic devices; and perspectives of commercialization for flexible perovskite solar cells based on cost.

Improving Performance and Stability of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells through Grain Boundary Passivation with Block Copolymers

“…The PCE is 18.71 (17.61)% when measured under reverse (forward) scan. This is among the highest PSCs for flexible PSC reported in the literature . The V OC 1.130 V for F127 incorporated device is significantly improved as compared with our previous flexible PSCs ( V OC ≤ 1.1 V) .…”

Recent Advances of Device Components toward Efficient Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells

“…They are usually coated with transparent and conductive materials functioning as the electrode. In particular, PET has become one of the mostly used flexible substrates for normal n‐i‐p FPSCs, together with tin‐doped indium oxide (ITO), which exhibits its predominance in both normal PSCs and FPSCs as the bottom transparent electrode . At the same time, a broad range of materials including conductive organic materials and metal nanostructures has been intensively studied.…”

“…For the inverted p-i-n design, as shown in Figure 2b, the hole and ETLs swap places so that it necessitates a transparent HTL. [24,32,[42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] With no difference from any other conventional rigid devices, in FPSCs, charge carriers are generated inside the perovskite layer upon illumination. Although excitons or bound electronhole pairs may exist, free electrons and holes are considered to be the dominant charge carriers in perovskite under work conditions, as a result of the low exciton binding energy that is comparable with the room temperature thermal energy of %26 meV.…”

“…[33][34][35]63,67,122,144,191,206,213,214] bottom transparent electrode. [50,59] At the same time, a broad range of materials including conductive organic materials and metal nanostructures has been intensively studied. Charge carrier transport layers are of diverse options.…”

Enhanced Lifetime and Photostability with Low‐Temperature Mesoporous ZnTiO3/Compact SnO2Electrodes in Perovskite Solar Cells

“…would lead to excessive oxygen ion doping into the SnO 2 layer and change the semiconductor properties of SnO 2 ,which would affect the device performance.T his high-temperature process not only limits the selection of many compact layers and electrode substrates which cannot withstand heat, such as indium doped tin oxide (ITO) and many organic ETLs;but also restricts the application of flexible substrates and complicates the manufacturing process. [33] Besides,a sthem ost commonly used mesoporous material, TiO 2 usually leads to light-induced instability for its intense photocatalysis,which needs complex device optimization. Fori nstance,T .L eijtens,e tal.…”