“…Examples include maximum matchings in graphs [1]- [3], connectivity [4], [5], maximum flow [6], [7], minimum spanning trees [5], [8], clustering [9]- [11], diameter estimation [12], independent set [13], pattern matching [14]- [17], lossless compression [18], string similarity [19], longest increasing subsequence [20]- [22], suffix arrays [23], and many others. Several related models with varying difficulties have been studied, including incremental (insertion-only, where elements can only be added) [7], [24]- [26], decremental (deletion-only, where elements can only be deleted) [27]- [30], and fully-dynamic (supporting both insertions and deletions) [2], [31]- [33].…”