“…1,266 These challenges include detecting analyte concentrations at ultralow levels (down to parts per billion or nanomolar levels), coping with complex sample matrices containing numerous interfering species, addressing issues related to differentiating isomers and structural analogs, and managing intricate, multidimensional datasets. 267,268 Advanced artificial intelligence techniques, including machine learning (ML), could help to boost the performance of this kind of sensors for medical applications, 269 nanotoxicology, 270 neural prosthesis, 271 wireless technology, 272 smart agriculture, 273 environmental monitoring, 274 and advanced medical manufacturing technologies. 275…”