Recent Advances in Gun Propellant Development: From Molecules to Materials

Rozumov, Eugene

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59208-4_2

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…This innovative class of nitrated cellulose derivatives displayed enhanced physicochemical properties and energetic performance with regard to the traditional NC, making it a highly desirable substitute candidate for the development of new, high-value cellulosic products for prospective use in advanced energetic formulations [7,8]. Another frequently used component in NC-based propellants is nitroglycerine (NG), while its replacement has been commonly demanded because of its migration problems and decreased stability [9,10]. In order to move past these limitations and reduce the reliance on nitroglycerine, various types of emergent energetic additives, such as nitramine explosives [11,12], green oxidizers [13], energy-rich ionic liquids [14], energetic co-crystals [15], and nanothermites [16], have already been introduced in NC-based composites to assess their effectiveness and find the next generation of energetic formulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Effect of MgAl/CuO Nanothermite on the Characteristics and Thermo-Catalytic Decomposition of Nanoenergetic Formulation Based on Nanostructured Nitrocellulose and Hydrazinium Nitro-Triazolone

et al. 2022

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The present study aims to develop new energetic composites containing nanostructured nitrocellulose (NNC) or nitrated cellulose (NC), hydrazinium nitro triazolone (HNTO), and MgAl-CuO nanothermite. The prepared energetic formulations (NC/HNTO/MgAl-CuO and NNC/HNTO/MgAl-CuO) were analyzed using various analytical techniques, such as Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The outstanding catalytic impact of MgAl-CuO on the thermal behavior of the developed energetic composites was elucidated by kinetic modeling, applied to the DSC data using isoconversional kinetic methods, for which a considerable drop in the activation energy was acquired for the prepared formulations, highlighting the catalytic influence of the introduced MgAl-CuO nanothermite. Overall, the obtained findings demonstrated that the newly elaborated NC/HNTO/MgAl-CuO and NNC/HNTO/MgAl-CuO composites could serve as promising candidates for application in the next generation of composite explosives and high-performance propellants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Effect of MgAl/CuO Nanothermite on the Characteristics and Thermo-Catalytic Decomposition of Nanoenergetic Formulation Based on Nanostructured Nitrocellulose and Hydrazinium Nitro-Triazolone

et al. 2022

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“…It is usually a solid energetic material that upon the application of a suitable energetic stimulus rapidly transforms into small gaseous molecules. Due to the rapid volumetric expansion, the projectile is accelerated through the barrel [26]. Projectile velocity measurement is one of the important parameters associated with armament research studies.…”

Section: Test Arrangement For Measurement Of the Velocity Using High mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Method for Dynamic Pressure and Velocity Measurement Related to a Power Cartridge Using a Velocity Test Rig for Water-Jet Disruptor Applications

Parate¹,

Salkar²,

Chandel³

et al. 2019

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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Power cartridges are gas generators utilised to drive a liquid projectile for disruption of suspect improvised explosive devices (IED's). The purpose of a water-jet disruptor is to destroy the suspected IED. A novel method was devised for pressure measurement at the exit of the cartridge for launching liquid projectile. An experimental test set-up was designed and fabricated for measurement of projectile velocity and the propellant gas pressure in a velocity test rig (VTR). In these experiments, double base propellants having different physical and chemical properties were utilised to drive the solid projectile. This projectile was made of nylon material. This projectile velocity measurement is an important parameter in the armament field. An experimental study is the unique design feature. It is responsible for the measurement of pressure at the exit of the cartridge and the projectile velocity at the muzzle end of the barrel. The projectile velocity was measured using high speed photography. The pressure was measured using a pressure sensor.propellants have been experimentally measured as 384.23 m/s and 418.32 m/s, respectively. Experimentally the maximum pressures for spherical ball powder and NGB 051 propellants have been evaluated as 50.12 MPa and 63 MPa respectively from data gathered by the acquisition system. The standard deviation between the experimental and theoretical values for the projectile velocity varied from 12.57 to 13.88 for spherical ball powder whereas it was 5.33 to 7.09 for NGB 051 propellant. The percentage error between the experimental and the theoretical values of the projectile velocity was less than 10 for both propellants. Nomenclature: C Mass of propellant [g] d Internal diameter of VTR chamber where propellant pressure is acting on projectile or inside cartridge diameter for loading propellant mass [m] e Fluid internal energy [J] F Force constant of propellant [J/g] g Acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s 2 ) l Length of VTR chamber where propellant pressure is acting on projectile or inside cartridge length for loading propellant mass [mm] m Mass flow rate [kg/s] P i Internal pressure of propellant [MPa] Q Heat transfer across the system boundaries [J] V Volume of VTR chamber or volume of cartridge [cm 3 ] V 0 or V th Theoretical projectile velocity [m/s] Ws Mechanical work [J] y Datum head [m] Subscripts: i Inlet o Outlet Greek Symbols: π Constant (3.14) ρ Density [kg/m 3 ]

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“…In particular, nitrogen-rich compounds are widely evaluated for solid propellants and explosives formulations to meet the multiple requirements of high density, good thermal stability, insensitivity, and high-energy performance of munitions. In the case of NC-based propellants, nitroglycerine (NG) is considered the oldest and the most commonly used energetic component, whereas, its substitution has been in high demand due to its migratory issues and reduced stability [ 13 , 14 ]. In order to overcome these challenges and eliminate dependence on NG, numerous types of emergent high-energy dense additives comprising nitramines, energetic ionic liquids, green oxidizers, and energetic co-crystals have been tested for NC-based systems [ 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elaboration, Characterization and Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of New Nanoenergetic Composite Based on Hydrazine 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one and Nanostructured Cellulose Nitrate

et al. 2022

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This research aims to develop new high-energy dense ordinary- and nano-energetic composites based on hydrazine 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (HNTO) and nitrated cellulose and nanostructured nitrocellulose (NC and NMCC). The elaborated energetic formulations (HNTO/NC and HNTO/NMCC) were fully characterized in terms of their chemical compatibility, morphology, thermal stability, and energetic performance. The experimental findings implied that the designed HNTO/NC and HNTO/NMCC formulations have good compatibilities with attractive characteristics such as density greater than 1.780 g/cm3 and impact sensitivity around 6 J. Furthermore, theoretical performance calculations (EXPLO5 V6.04) displayed that the optimal composition of the as-prepared energetic composites yielded excellent specific impulses and detonation velocities, which increased from 205.7 s and 7908 m/s for HNTO/NC to 209.6 s and 8064 m/s for HNTO/NMCC. Moreover, deep insight on the multi-step kinetic behaviors of the as-prepared formulations was provided based on the measured DSC data combined with isoconversional kinetic methods. It is revealed that both energetic composites undergo three consecutive exothermic events with satisfactory activation energies in the range of 139–166 kJ/mol for HNTO/NC and 119–134 kJ/mol for HNTO/NMCC. Overall, this research displayed that the new developed nanoenergetic composite based on nitrated cellulose nanostructure could serve as a promising candidate for practical applications in solid rocket propellants and composite explosives.

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Recent Advances in Gun Propellant Development: From Molecules to Materials

Cited by 6 publications

References 95 publications

Unraveling the Effect of MgAl/CuO Nanothermite on the Characteristics and Thermo-Catalytic Decomposition of Nanoenergetic Formulation Based on Nanostructured Nitrocellulose and Hydrazinium Nitro-Triazolone

Unraveling the Effect of MgAl/CuO Nanothermite on the Characteristics and Thermo-Catalytic Decomposition of Nanoenergetic Formulation Based on Nanostructured Nitrocellulose and Hydrazinium Nitro-Triazolone

A Novel Method for Dynamic Pressure and Velocity Measurement Related to a Power Cartridge Using a Velocity Test Rig for Water-Jet Disruptor Applications

Elaboration, Characterization and Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of New Nanoenergetic Composite Based on Hydrazine 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one and Nanostructured Cellulose Nitrate

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