Recent Advances in HBV Reactivation Research

Guo, Lixia; Wang, Dan; Ouyang, Xiping; Tang, Ni; Chen, Xuemei; Zhang, Yuhong; Zhu, Hongquan; Li, Xiaosong

doi:10.1155/2018/2931402

Cited by 33 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Clinically, not all HBV reactivated patients will experience this typical process. In some patients, the serum HBV DNA level increase several folds, but the liver cells are not damaged obviously, with no change or only slight increase in serum ALT level ( 25 , 34 ). In our investigation, seven of the 25 HBV reactivation patients developed hepatitis without jaundice, and the liver function of these seven patients ultimately recovered to normal status due to active antiviral and supportive therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Antiviral Therapy on HBV Reactivation and Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Undergoing Hepatic Artery Infusion Chemotherapy

et al. 2021

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BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the influence of hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) on hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as well as evaluate the role of antiviral prophylaxis in these patients.MethodsWe enrolled 170 HBsAg-positive advanced HCC patients receiving HAIC using mFOLFOX regimen, of which 137 patients received antiviral prophylaxis. Risk factors for HBV reactivation were analyzed. The overall survival (OS) from the first application of HAIC were compared between antiviral and non-antiviral groups.ResultsA total of 25 patients (14.7%) developed HBV reactivation after HAIC, of which 16 patients received antiviral treatment and nine patients did not. The incidence of HBV reactivation was 11.7% (16/137) in antiviral group and 27.3% (9/33) in non-antiviral group respectively. No antiviral prophylactic was the only significant risk factor for HBV reactivation (OR=12.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.35–33.33, p<0.001). Patients in antiviral group received more cycles of HAIC compared with non-antiviral group (3.11 ± 1.69 vs 1.75 ± 1.18, p<0.05) at the time of HBV reactivated. Seven of the 25 HBV reactivation patients developed hepatitis. OS in antiviral group was significantly longer than that of non-antiviral group (median 16.46 vs 10.68 months; HR=0.57; 95% CI, 0.36–0.91; p<0.05).ConclusionsHBV reactivation is more prone to occur in the HBsAg-positive HCC patients undergoing HAIC without antiviral prophylaxis. Regular monitoring of HBV DNA and antiviral prophylaxis are suggested to prevent HBV reactivation as well as prolong the OS of these patients.Name of the Trial RegisterHAIC Using Oxaliplatin Plus Fluorouracil/Leucovorin for Patients with Locally Advanced HCC.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://www.clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCT 02436044

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Antiviral Therapy on HBV Reactivation and Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Undergoing Hepatic Artery Infusion Chemotherapy

et al. 2021

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“…Impaired immunity leads to HBV reactivation, showing active virus replication or immunemediated hepatic injury (16). HBV reactivation can be triggered by cancer chemotherapy (17,18) with an incidence as high as 20-50% in patients who are chronic HBV carriers, and infection has been reported in this setting (19). With the advent of cancer immunotherapy, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors have become an effective method for lung cancer treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and efficacy of anti-PD-1 inhibitors in Chinese patients with advanced lung cancer and hepatitis B virus infection: a retrospective single-center study

Xu¹,

Zeng²,

Yan³

et al. 2021

Transl Lung Cancer Res

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Background: Programmed death protein (ligand) 1 [PD-(L)1] inhibitors have provided new therapeutic options for advanced lung cancer. However, patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection have been traditionally excluded from most registered trials of this form of treatment.Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with HBV and advanced lung cancer who received anti-PD-1 immunotherapy from September 2018 to May 2020 in our department. Treatmentrelated hepatotoxicity was evaluated and recorded. Overall response rate and progression free survival were also assessed in the patients using iRECIST.Results: Seventeen patients were evaluated in this analysis. Of these, six (35.3%) experienced hepatic transaminase elevation during immunotherapy. Three of these patients developed Grade 3 hepatic immunerelated adverse events and received systemic corticosteroids, following which aminotransferase levels recovered to normal in all patients and no adverse events were observed in subsequent treatment. No patient experienced HBV reactivation or flare. One patient developed active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Other adverse events were mild, well tolerated and short term. The objective response rate (ORR) of the cohort was 62.5%, and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3 months.Conclusions: Lung cancer patients can be treated safely with anti-PD-1 inhibitors in the context of HBV infection. Close monitoring for hepatotoxicity and prophylactic antiviral therapy is advised. Further studies on the use of anti-PD-1 inhibitors in HBV-infected patients are needed.

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“…It has been observed how DNA viruses, such as herpesviruses, adenoviruses, polyomaviruses and HBV can establish lifelong persistence infections. Among these pathogens, HBV and Herpesviruses are able to induce the development of severe sequelae in a significant percentage of infected individuals, and herpesvirus family present this biological behavior [129][130][131]. It is now well known that HCV-RNA and HBV-DNA can be present and detectable in the liver and/or cells of different tissues, such as immune, pancreatic and renal cells, even in subjects without a well-recognized and well-recorded contact with these pathogens or in individuals who have reached the apparent eradication of these viruses after their spontaneous or therapy-related clearance.…”

Section: Considerations On the Possible Establishment Of A Persistent Sars-cov-2 Reservoir Worldwide And On The Potential Risk Of Developmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sars-CoV-2: Lessons from Both the History of Medicine and from the Biological Behavior of Other Well-Known Viruses

et al. 2021

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SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent of the current pandemic worldwide and its associated disease COVID-19. In this review, we have analyzed SARS-CoV-2 characteristics and those ones of other well-known RNA viruses viz. HIV, HCV and Influenza viruses, collecting their historical data, clinical manifestations and pathogenetic mechanisms. The aim of the work is obtaining useful insights and lessons for a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2. These pathogens present a distinct mode of transmission, as SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza viruses are airborne, whereas HIV and HCV are bloodborne. However, these viruses exhibit some potential similar clinical manifestations and pathogenetic mechanisms and their understanding may contribute to establishing preventive measures and new therapies against SARS-CoV-2.

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Recent Advances in HBV Reactivation Research

Cited by 33 publications

References 52 publications

Effects of Antiviral Therapy on HBV Reactivation and Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Undergoing Hepatic Artery Infusion Chemotherapy

Effects of Antiviral Therapy on HBV Reactivation and Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Undergoing Hepatic Artery Infusion Chemotherapy

Safety and efficacy of anti-PD-1 inhibitors in Chinese patients with advanced lung cancer and hepatitis B virus infection: a retrospective single-center study

Sars-CoV-2: Lessons from Both the History of Medicine and from the Biological Behavior of Other Well-Known Viruses

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