Recent advances in luminescent metallacycles/metallacages for biomedical imaging and cancer therapy

Abstract

Small molecule metal-based drugs have made great achievements in preclinical and clinical applications. In particular, platinum based antitumor drugs have been well established in current cancer chemotherapy. However, it faces...

Fluorophore-based host–guest assembly complexes for imaging and therapy

“…, stability, water solubility, brightness and biocompatibility) and on the other hand it can improve the activity of the therapeutic reagents. 140,141 In addition, host–guest assembly chemistry has also been used to improve the performance of chemiluminescent dyes/probes and then for detection and imaging, e.g. , the adamantane group inherent in adamantane-1,2-dioxane chemiluminescent probes can act as a well-bound guest molecule for assembly with cyclodextrins or cucurbit[ n ]uril.…”

“…On the one hand, the assembly optimizes the physicochemical properties of the fluorophore (e.g., stability, water solubility, brightness and biocompatibility) and on the other hand it can improve the activity of the therapeutic reagents. 140,141 In addition, host-guest assembly chemistry has also been used to improve the performance of chemiluminescent dyes/probes and then for detection and imaging, e.g., the adamantane group inherent in adamantane-1,2dioxane chemiluminescent probes can act as a well-bound guest molecule for assembly with cyclodextrins or cucurbit[n]uril. [142][143][144] Despite the large number of scientific studies published in recent years on the biomedical applications of supramolecular systems, the clinical application of supramolecular systems still faces many practical challenges.…”

Metallacages and Covalent Cages for Biological Imaging and Therapeutics

“…In comparison with metallacages, covalent cages have good dispersibility and water solubility, can respond to various microenvironments, including temperature, viscosity, and polarity, and have great potential for biological applications. 55 metallacage 40 exhibited very high longitudinal relaxation and could be used to image subcutaneous A375 melanoma tumors in nude mice, with a longer retention time than Gd-DTPA (Figure 11b). The study provides a general method for designing MRI contrast agents consisting of metallacages, which have great potential for clinical application.…”

“… In comparison with metallacages, covalent cages have good dispersibility and water solubility, can respond to various microenvironments, including temperature, viscosity, and polarity, and have great potential for biological applications. , …”

“…Today, multimodal imaging and treatment are the future directions of research because single imaging and treatment cannot meet clinical disease diagnosis and treatment needs. Even though there have been some reviews on the biological applications of metallacages, ,− there are few systematic reviews on the biological applications of covalent cages, which are attracting increasing attention in biological research. Hence, it is time to summarize the recent advances in metallacages and covalent cages for biological imaging and therapeutics, especially fluorescence detection, fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and precision therapeutics.…”