Recent advances in material science for developing enzyme electrodes

Sarma, Anil Kumar; Vatsyayan, Preety; Goswami, Pranab; Minteer, Shelley D.

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2008.09.026

Cited by 254 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…However, the realization of direct electrochemistry of redox enzymes on common electrodes is very difficult because the active centers of most redox enzymes are located deeply in a hydrophobic cavity of the molecule [20,86,89]. Carbon nanotubes and metal nanoparticles have exhibited excellent performance in enhancing the direct electron transfer between enzymes and electrodes, and are widely used now [50,55,90,91]. Due to its extraordinary electron transport property (as shown in Section 2) and high specific surface area [1], functionalized graphene is expected to promote the electron transfer between electrode substrates and enzymes [20].…”

Section: Direct Electrochemistry Of Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Based Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors: A Review

et al. 2010

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Graphene, emerging as a true 2-dimensional material, has received increasing attention due to its unique physicochemical properties (high surface area, excellent conductivity, high mechanical strength, and ease of functionalization and mass production). This article selectively reviews recent advances in graphene-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors. In particular, graphene for direct electrochemistry of enzyme, its electrocatalytic activity toward small biomolecules (hydrogen peroxide, NADH, dopamine, etc.), and graphenebased enzyme biosensors have been summarized in more detail; Graphene-based DNA sensing and environmental analysis have been discussed. Future perspectives in this rapidly developing field are also discussed.

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Section: Direct Electrochemistry Of Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Based Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors: A Review

et al. 2010

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“…1 There are three types of electron pathways: electro-active products can be obtained from the enzyme, (electron) mediator, and direct electron transfer (Fig. 6(A)).…”

Section: ·4 Entrapment Of Small Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyelectrolyte Complex Membranes for Immobilizing Biomolecules, and Their Applications to Bio-analysis

Yabuki

2011

ANAL. SCI.

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The immobilization of biomolecules is an important technique for bio-analysis, and can be applied to biosensors with both high selectivity and high sensitivity. Many researchers have developed immobilization techniques to optimize these characteristics. In the last two decades, an immobilization technique that meets the desired requirements was developed by using polyelectrolytes to form complexes, based on the electrostatic binding between polycations and polyanions. This review summarizes the techniques used for the immobilization of biomolecules by polyelectrolyte complexes; it also discusses related subjects.

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“…The main drawback associated with DET is that this process is usually prohibited by the enzyme structure. A variety of attempts have been made to improve the electronic communication between the active site of enzyme and the electrode surface (Degani and Heller, 1989;Ghindilis, et al, 1997;, Sarma et al 2009). However, there are only a few reported BFCs based on membraneless DET-type biocatalysts for both the cathode and anode reactions Coman, et al, 2008;Kamitaka, et al, 2007a;Tasca, et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%