Recent advances in microbial high-value utilization of brewer’s spent grain

Xie, Zhengjie; Dan, Meiling; Zhao, Guohua; Wang, Damao

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131197

Bioresource Technology

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131197

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Recent advances in microbial high-value utilization of brewer’s spent grain

Zhengjie Xie,

Meiling Dan,

Guohua Zhao

et al.

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Cited by 3 publications

References 108 publications

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From brewers’ waste to fuel precursors: Catalytic pyrolysis of BSG using CaO and Nb2O5-based catalysts for enhanced hydrocarbon production

de Souza dos Santos,

Oliveira,

Moura

et al. 2025

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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From brewers’ waste to fuel precursors: Catalytic pyrolysis of BSG using CaO and Nb2O5-based catalysts for enhanced hydrocarbon production

de Souza dos Santos,

Oliveira,

Moura

et al. 2025

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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Revalorisation of brewer’s spent grain for biotechnological production of hydrogen with Escherichia coli

Cabrera,

Jáimez,

Sánchez-Oneto

et al. 2024

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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IntroductionAgro-industrial wastes are generated in huge amounts triggering damages to the environment and human health. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity for its revalorisation into high-value compounds, including biofuels. One such wastes is the brewer's spent grain (BSG), a by-product of the beer industry, which is produced in vast quantities worldwide. The rich-fibre and protein content of BSG makes this waste a valuable resource for biotechnological applications, although the main challenge of this approach is to make the carbohydrates and proteins available for bacterial metabolisation into high-value products. This work aims to optimise a thermal-hydrolysis process to revalorise BSG by bacterial conversion into hydrogen (H2), as a clean energy that can replace fossil fuels.MethodsA 2k full factorial design method was employed hydrolysation of BSG and showed that temperature and acid concentration are significant factors that affect the extraction of reducing sugars (RS) and proteins. Subsequently, steepest ascent and central composite design (CCD) statistical methods were applied to determine the optimal conditions for hydrolysis.ResultsThe optimised hydrolysis condition were 0.047 M H2SO4, 150°C, 30 min and 15% BSG, leading to the theoretical concentrations of 54.8 g RS/L and 20 g/L proteins. However, 5'-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was generated in thermal-hydrolysis conditions at higher temperatures exceeding 132°C. Therefore, a screening of HBSGs fermentation using Escherichia coli was conducted in order to identify the most suitable conditions for maximizing H2, as well as the production of volatile fatty acids (succinate and acetate) and ethanol. Among the tested conditions, HBSG A17 (117°C, 20 min, and 0.1 M H2SO4) yielded the highest H2 production of 48 mmol/L in this work.ConclusionThis study provides valuable insights into the optimisation of BSG pre-treatment for biotechnological applications, which may help in the selection of the most appropriate hydrolysis conditions based on the desired end product.

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From Beer to Cheese: Characterization of Caseinolytic and Milk-Clotting Activities of Proteases Derived from Brewer’s Spent Grain (BSG)

Villegas,

Silva,

Tito

et al. 2024

Foods

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This study explores the extraction and characterization of proteolytic enzymes from brewer’s spent grain (BSG) and their potential as sustainable coagulants in the dairy industry. BSG samples from various beer types (Blonde Ale, IPA, Kölsch, Honey, and Porter) were obtained from two artisanal breweries in Mar del Plata, Argentina. Optimization of caseinolytic activity (CA) and protein extraction was conducted using a Plackett–Burman design, followed by a Box–Behnken design. Optimal protein concentration was achieved at intermediate pH and high temperature, while CA peaked at pH 8.0. The specific caseinolytic activity (SCA) varied among the extracts, with BSG3 showing the highest activity (99.6 U mg−1) and BSG1 the lowest (60.4 U mg−1). Protease inhibitor assays suggested the presence of aspartic, serine, metallo, and cysteine proteases. BSG3 and BSG4 showed the highest hydrolysis rates for α-casein (70% and 78%). For κ-casein, BSG1, BSG2, and BSG3 demonstrated moderate activity (56.5%, 49%, and 55.8), while BSG4 and BSG5 exhibited the lowest activity. Additionally, the milk-clotting activity (MCA) of BSG extracts was comparable to plant-based coagulants like Cynara cardunculus and Ficus carica. These findings highlight the potential of BSG-derived proteases as alternative coagulants for cheese production, offering a sustainable link between the brewing and dairy industries.

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Recent advances in microbial high-value utilization of brewer’s spent grain

Cited by 3 publications

References 108 publications

From brewers’ waste to fuel precursors: Catalytic pyrolysis of BSG using CaO and Nb2O5-based catalysts for enhanced hydrocarbon production

From brewers’ waste to fuel precursors: Catalytic pyrolysis of BSG using CaO and Nb2O5-based catalysts for enhanced hydrocarbon production

Revalorisation of brewer’s spent grain for biotechnological production of hydrogen with Escherichia coli

From Beer to Cheese: Characterization of Caseinolytic and Milk-Clotting Activities of Proteases Derived from Brewer’s Spent Grain (BSG)

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