Recent advances in microencapsulation of drugs for veterinary applications

Abstract

Microencapsulation is a process where very minute droplets or particles of solid or liquid or gas are trapped with a polymer to isolate the internal core material from external environmental hazards. Microencapsulation is applied mostly for flavor masking, fortification, and sustained and control release. It improves palatability, absorption, and bioavailability of drugs with good conformity. Microencapsulation has been widely studied in numerous drug delivery systems for human health. The application of microcapsules in the veterinary pharmaceutical sciences is increasing day by day. The treatment systems for humans and animals are likely to be similar, but more complex in the veterinary field due to the diversity of the species, breeds, body size, biotransformation rate, and other factors associated with animal physiology. Commercially viable, economically profitable, and therapeutically effective microencapsulated vaccine, anthelmintic, antibacterial, and other therapeutics have a great demand for livestock and poultry production. Nowadays, researchers emphasize the controlled and sustained‐release dosage form of drugs in the veterinary field. This paper has highlighted the microencapsulation materials, preparation techniques, characteristics, roles, and the application of microcapsules in veterinary medicine.

Microencapsulation for Pharmaceutical Applications: A Review

“…88−91 Microcapsules made by interface polymerization have been successfully used in pharmaceutical over the past few decades. 88,89 For interfacial polymerization, an emulsion is formed from the two phases: oil and aqueous. Each phase contains a reacting monomer: one of the reacting monomers is dissolved in the oil phase, and the other reacting monomer is dissolved in the aqueous phase.…”

“…Polymerization is to produce protective microcapsule coatings in situ, by reactions of monomeric units located at the interface between a core material and a continuous phase in which the core material is dispersed. − The continuous (or core material supporting) phase is usually a liquid or gas, and thus the polymerization reactions happen at a liquid–gas, liquid–liquid, solid–gas, or solid–liquid interface. − Microcapsules made by interface polymerization have been successfully used in pharmaceutical over the past few decades. , For interfacial polymerization, an emulsion is formed from the two phases: oil and aqueous. Each phase contains a reacting monomer: one of the reacting monomers is dissolved in the oil phase, and the other reacting monomer is dissolved in the aqueous phase.…”

What is the role of microbial biotechnology and genetic engineering in medicine?

“…"microencapsulation" and "single-cell modification." Microencapsulation systems have been constructed using various methods such as drying, extrusion, complex coacervation, and emulsification (Ahmad et al, 2021).…”

“…Among these strategies, encapsulation technologies have emerged as a promising solution to address the challenges of delivering probiotics to the digestive tract (Harimoto et al, 2022 ). Two main encapsulation strategies for probiotics are in development: “microencapsulation” and “single‐cell modification.” Microencapsulation systems have been constructed using various methods such as drying, extrusion, complex coacervation, and emulsification (Ahmad et al, 2021 ). Single‐cell modification has been developed based on physical, chemical, and biological methods, creating diverse types of nanocoatings, including lipopolysaccharides, capsular polysaccharides, lipid membranes, proteins, and modified polymers (i.e., matching the efficacy of conventional microcapsules) (Han et al, 2024 ).…”

Resveratrol‐β‐Lactoglobulin Composite Nanocoating by Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly with Fe(III)‐Tannic Acid Complex

“…Microencapsulation such as inclusion complexation and micro-emulsification have attempted to overcome these efficacy issues by integrating polymers and biomaterials simultaneously as controlling release profiles of encapsulated drugs. [5][6][7] β-Lactoglobulin (BLG) is a major class of globular whey proteins; biological assay and protein sequence analysis have classified BLG as a member of lipocalin family proteins. [8] A characteristic affinity toward hydrophobic compounds has spurred development of a smart delivery system for hydrophobic nutraceuticals and micronutrients through microencapsulation techniques.…”