Recent Advances in Microspheres Technology for Drug Delivery

Abstract

Microspheres are the novel drug delivery system. A well considered controlled drug delivery system can overcome some of the problems of predictable therapy and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of a given drug. There are various approaches in delivering a therapeutic substance to the target site in a sustained controlled release approach. A Microspheres has its drug dispersed throughout the particle i.e., the internal structure is a matrix of drug and polymeric excipients. It is the reliable means to deliver the drug to the target site with specificity, if modified and to maintain the desired concentration at the site of interest without untoward effects. Microspheres are typically free flowing powders consisting of synthetic polymers which are biodegradable in nature. Microspheres are particles between 0.1 and 200 μm in size. Microspheres received much consideration not only for prolonged release, but also for targeting of anticancer drugs to the tumor. Microspheres are spherical microparticles and are used where reliable and expected particle surface area is important. A microsphere has a drug located centrally within the particle, where it is encased within a unique polymeric membrane. In future by combining various other strategies, microspheres will find the central place in novel drug delivery, particularly in diseased cell sorting, diagnostics, gene and genetic materials, safe, targeted and effective in-vivo delivery and supplements as miniature versions of diseased organ and tissues in the body.

Current advances in molecularly imprinted polymers and their release mechanisms in drug delivery systems

“…14 Generally, polymers are hydrophobic beads that have high protein-binding abilities. 46 The inclusion of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) 23 and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA) 34 has increased the hydrophilicity of the polymer and thus induces deprotonation of the carboxylic group at a high pH value (pH 7) which then causes the polymer to swell by the occurrence of repulsive forces within the polymer matrix and disrupts the structure of the cavities, facilitating the drug release. Meanwhile, the ionization of the carboxylic groups was minimal in an acidic environment, resulting in stronger hydrogen bond interactions with the template, which slowed the release process.…”

Review on Microspheres: A Novel Approach in Drug Delivery System

“…The findings of the study revealed that chitosan pellets could be produced with a maximum mass fraction of 50% (m/m) when demineralized water was used as the granulating fluid. However, by employing dilute acetic acid for the granulation step, the mass fraction of chitosan within the pellets could be increased to 100% [31].…”

“…Incorporating Diphtheria Toxoid into chitosan microparticles for nasal administration results in a protective systemic and local immune response against Diphtheria Toxoid, accompanied by increased production of IgG antibodies. Nasal formulations have shown significant serum IgG responses comparable to secretory IgA levels, surpassing the effectiveness of parenteral administration of the vaccine[31].…”

Advances in the Preparation Techniques of Floating Microspheres with Exploration of AI Tool in Product Development

“…The microspheres had diameters of 1-25 μm, with over 50% of them being smaller than 5 μm. The encapsulated drug accounted for about 9% w/w of the initial quantity, and surface drug was 25% of the total encapsulated amount [39].…”