Recent advances in molecular epidemiology and detection of Taylorella equigenitalis associated with contagious equine metritis (CEM)

Matsuda, Motoo; Moore, John E.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.08.001

Cited by 46 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…So it seems quite reasonable to infer that basic calibers for attaching, colonizing and persisting in host tissues could have had an early origin in Alcaligenaceae . Logically, this means facultative asymptomatic commensalism or opportunistic pathogenicity as practised by species of Taylorella [25], [26] or Achromobacter [5], [27] may also be intrinsic to Tk .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this scenario stockpiling of host-interaction factors in several environmentally competent strains of Alcaligenaceae (including Tk and A8) seems to be part of a preparedness plan to counter any imminent loss of the free-living ability arising out of the degradative dynamics of the genomes. Notably however, any future host-adaptation of Tk should essentially remain restricted to commensalism (as witnessed in case of Te [26]) and not involve lethal pathogenicity unless the drifted populations acquire toxic genetic factors from fellow infective agents in their newfound habitats.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome Implosion Elicits Host-Confinement in Alcaligenaceae: Evidence from the Comparative Genomics of Tetrathiobacter kashmirensis, a Pathogen in the Making

et al. 2013

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This study elucidates the genomic basis of the evolution of pathogens alongside free-living organisms within the family Alcaligenaceae of Betaproteobacteria. Towards that end, the complete genome sequence of the sulfur-chemolithoautotroph Tetrathiobacter kashmirensis WT001T was determined and compared with the soil isolate Achromobacter xylosoxidans A8 and the two pathogens Bordetella bronchiseptica RB50 and Taylorella equigenitalis MCE9. All analyses comprehensively indicated that the RB50 and MCE9 genomes were almost the subsets of A8 and WT001T, respectively. In the immediate evolutionary past Achromobacter and Bordetella shared a common ancestor, which was distinct from the other contemporary stock that gave rise to Tetrathiobacter and Taylorella. The Achromobacter-Bordetella precursor, after diverging from the family ancestor, evolved through extensive genome inflation, subsequent to which the two genera separated via differential gene losses and acquisitions. Tetrathiobacter, meanwhile, retained the core characteristics of the family ancestor, and Taylorella underwent massive genome degeneration to reach an evolutionary dead-end. Interestingly, the WT001T genome, despite its conserved architecture, had only 85% coding density, besides which 578 out of its 4452 protein-coding sequences were found to be pseudogenized. Translational impairment of several DNA repair-recombination genes in the first place seemed to have ushered the rampant and indiscriminate frame-shift mutations across the WT001T genome. Presumably, this strain has just come out of a recent evolutionary bottleneck, representing a unique transition state where genome self-degeneration has started comprehensively but selective host-confinement has not yet set in. In the light of this evolutionary link, host-adaptation of Taylorella clearly appears to be the aftereffect of genome implosion in another member of the same bottleneck. Remarkably again, potent virulence factors were found widespread in Alcaligenaceae, corroborating which hemolytic and mammalian cell-adhering abilities were discovered in WT001T. So, while WT001T relatives/derivatives in nature could be going the Taylorella way, the lineage as such was well-prepared for imminent host-confinement.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Implosion Elicits Host-Confinement in Alcaligenaceae: Evidence from the Comparative Genomics of Tetrathiobacter kashmirensis, a Pathogen in the Making

et al. 2013

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“…Notified to the OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health), CEM is characterized in infected mares by abundant mucopurulent vaginal discharge and a variable degree of vaginitis, endometritis and cervicitis, usually resulting in temporary infertility [4]. In stallions, no clinical signs are observed, and asymptomatic carrier mares have also been reported [5]. CEM is usually transmitted by sexual contact with asymptomatic carrier stallions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Characterization of the Taylorella Genus

Hébert¹,

Moumen

Pons

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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The Taylorella genus comprises two species: Taylorella equigenitalis, which causes contagious equine metritis, and Taylorella asinigenitalis, a closely-related species mainly found in donkeys. We herein report on the first genome sequence of T. asinigenitalis, analyzing and comparing it with the recently-sequenced T. equigenitalis genome. The T. asinigenitalis genome contains a single circular chromosome of 1,638,559 bp with a 38.3% GC content and 1,534 coding sequences (CDS). While 212 CDSs were T. asinigenitalis-specific, 1,322 had orthologs in T. equigenitalis. Two hundred and thirty-four T. equigenitalis CDSs had no orthologs in T. asinigenitalis. Analysis of the basic nutrition metabolism of both Taylorella species showed that malate, glutamate and alpha-ketoglutarate may be their main carbon and energy sources. For both species, we identified four different secretion systems and several proteins potentially involved in binding and colonization of host cells, suggesting a strong potential for interaction with their host. T. equigenitalis seems better-equipped than T. asinigenitalis in terms of virulence since we identified numerous proteins potentially involved in pathogenicity, including hemagluttinin-related proteins, a type IV secretion system, TonB-dependent lactoferrin and transferrin receptors, and YadA and Hep_Hag domains containing proteins. This is the first molecular characterization of Taylorella genus members, and the first molecular identification of factors potentially involved in T. asinigenitalis and T. equigenitalis pathogenicity and host colonization. This study facilitates a genetic understanding of growth phenotypes, animal host preference and pathogenic capacity, paving the way for future functional investigations into this largely unknown genus.

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“…CEM usually results in temporary infertility or early abortion (2). The presence of T. equigenitalis in stallions does not cause clinical signs and long-term asymptomatic carrier mares have also been reported (3). CEM is a World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) notifiable disease, and is considered as one of the most regulated equine diseases worldwide (4).…”

Section: Genome Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Draft Genome Sequence of Taylorella equigenitalis Strain MCE529, Isolated from a Belgian Warmblood Horse

Hébert¹,

Touzain

Boisséson

et al. 2014

Genome Announc

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Recent advances in molecular epidemiology and detection of Taylorella equigenitalis associated with contagious equine metritis (CEM)

Cited by 46 publications

References 40 publications

Genome Implosion Elicits Host-Confinement in Alcaligenaceae: Evidence from the Comparative Genomics of Tetrathiobacter kashmirensis, a Pathogen in the Making

Genome Implosion Elicits Host-Confinement in Alcaligenaceae: Evidence from the Comparative Genomics of Tetrathiobacter kashmirensis, a Pathogen in the Making

Genomic Characterization of the Taylorella Genus

Draft Genome Sequence of Taylorella equigenitalis Strain MCE529, Isolated from a Belgian Warmblood Horse

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