Recent Advances in Monitoring, Sampling, and Sensing Techniques for Bioaerosols in the Atmosphere

Abstract

Bioaerosols in the form of microscopic airborne particles pose pervasive risks to humans and livestock. As either fully active components (e.g., viruses, bacteria, and fungi) or as whole or part of inactive fragments, they are among the least investigated pollutants in nature. Their identification and quantification are essential to addressing related dangers and to establishing proper exposure thresholds. However, difficulties in the development (and selection) of detection techniques and an associated lack of standardized procedures make the sensing of bioaerosols challenging. Through a comprehensive literature search, this review examines the mechanisms of conventional and advanced bioaerosol detection methods. It also provides a roadmap for future research and development in the selection of suitable methodologies for bioaerosol detection. The development of sample collection and sensing technology make it possible for continuous and automated operation. However, intensive efforts should be put to overcome the limitations of current technology as most of the currently available options tend to suffer from lengthy sample acquisition times and/or nonspecificity of probe material.

Microbial, environmental and anthropogenic factors influencing the indoor microbiome of the built environment

“…Recently, use of high‐throughput sequencing has led to the exploration of the vast community structure and diversity of the indoor microbiome of the built environment that was previously uncharacterized and unrecognized [23]. All the organisms (including microorganisms) are driven by a plethora of interconnected biotic as well as abiotic factors and processes that further decide their adaptive strategies for survival and proliferation in the particular environmental situation.…”

Applications of bioluminescence in biotechnology and beyond

“…ATP bioluminescence-based sensors have also been used to detect the location and density of several air-borne bacteria in both artificially created and natural bioaerosols in indoor environments. 246 The biosensors reported have either used fabricated paper disks immobilised with luciferase/D-luciferin or sensors microfluidic chips. 247,248 Air was vented into and bubbled into a bio-sampler bottle containing 20 mL of deionised water to capture any cells found in the air.…”

An Analysis Review, Detection Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on Biosensor Application

“…The research revealed a bat vector that has transmitted coronavirus to humans [68], [69]. Bio-aerosols microscopic airborne particles pose widespread human and animal threats [70]. The researchers have presented an analysis of the SARS-CoV 2 transmission theory from a list of animals that sold avian, swine, phocine, bovine, canine, seafood, frogs, camels, etc.…”