Recent advances in MXene: Preparation, properties, and applications

Lei, Jincheng; Zhang, Xu; Zhou, Zhen

doi:10.1007/s11467-015-0493-x

Cited by 849 publications

(449 citation statements)

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“…TEXT MXenes are a class of two-dimensional (2D) metal carbides/nitrides that have the general formula of M n+1 X n T x (where M is an early transition metal, X is C and/or N, T represents a surface terminating group, and n = 1 to 3) [1][2][3] . They are usually produced by selective etching of the A element layer from the bulk M n+1 AX n phases 4 (where A = Al, Si etc.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…They are usually produced by selective etching of the A element layer from the bulk M n+1 AX n phases 4 (where A = Al, Si etc. ), using strong etching solutions such as HF or a mixture of HCl and LiF 1,2,5 . This process leads to T = O, OH, and/or F. The layers are then exfoliated by sonication 1,2,5 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…), using strong etching solutions such as HF or a mixture of HCl and LiF 1,2,5 . This process leads to T = O, OH, and/or F. The layers are then exfoliated by sonication 1,2,5 . MXenes have already shown a great potential in batteries [6][7][8][9] , capacitors 5,10,11 , and water treatment 12,13 .…”

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Schottky-Barrier-Free Contacts with Two-Dimensional Semiconductors by Surface-Engineered MXenes

2016

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Two-dimensional (2D) metal carbides and nitrides, called MXenes, have attracted great interest for applications such as energy storage. We demonstrate their potential as Schottky-barrier-free metal contacts to 2D semiconductors, providing a solution to the contact-resistance problem in 2D electronics. On the basis of first-principles calculations, we find that the surface chemistry strongly affects Fermi level of MXenes: O termination always increases the work function with respect to that of bare surface, OH always decreases it, whereas F exhibits either trend depending on the specific material. This phenomenon originates from the effect of surface dipoles, which together with the weak Fermi level pinning, enable Schottky-barrier-free hole (or electron) injection into 2D semiconductors through van der Waals junctions with some of the O-terminated (or all the OH-terminated) MXenes. Furthermore, we suggest synthetic routes to control surface terminations based on calculated formation energies. This study enhances understanding of the correlation between surface chemistry and electronic/transport properties of 2D materials, and also gives predictions for improving 2D electronics.

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Schottky-Barrier-Free Contacts with Two-Dimensional Semiconductors by Surface-Engineered MXenes

2016

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“…Different etchants and etchant concentrations have been employed in the synthesis of MXene, resulting in a variation of defects, crystallinity and stacking ordering of the sheets [33,109,128,123,129,135]. Depending on the choice of etchant, MXene can exhibit enhanced properties such as higher volumetric capacitance for lithium-based etchants [33,152]. The variation in properties due to the various etchants are strongly correlated to changes in surface groups and intercalants, which affect the chemistry of the MXene sheets as well as the separation between sheets [123,135] [152].…”

Section: Selective Etchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the choice of etchant, MXene can exhibit enhanced properties such as higher volumetric capacitance for lithium-based etchants [33,152]. The variation in properties due to the various etchants are strongly correlated to changes in surface groups and intercalants, which affect the chemistry of the MXene sheets as well as the separation between sheets [123,135] [152]. After etching, the sheets are not separated into individual sheets, but remain MXene as multilayers [152].…”

Section: Selective Etchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission Electron Microscopy of 2D Materials: Structure and Surface Properties

Karlsson¹

2016

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Linköping 2016Cover: Multiple stacked Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene sheets imaged by low-voltage, monochromated, aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy.During the course of research underlying this thesis, Linda Karlsson was enrolled in Agora Materiae, a multidiciplinary doctoral program at Linköping University, Sweden.c Linda Karlsson, unless stated otherwise Printed by LiU-Tryck 2016 I rarely end up where I was intending to go, but often I end up somewhere I needed to be. -Douglas Adams The Long Dark Tea-Time of The Soul AbstractDuring recent years, new types of materials have been discovered with unique properties. One family of such materials are two-dimensional materials, which include graphene and MXene. These materials are stronger, more flexible, and have higher conductivity than other materials. As such they are highly interesting for new applications, e.g. specialized in vivo drug delivery systems, hydrogen storage, or as replacements of common materials in e.g. batteries, bulletproof clothing, and sensors. The list of potential applications is long for these new materials.As these materials are almost entirely made up of surfaces, their properties are strongly influenced by interaction between their surfaces, as well as with molecules or adatoms attached to the surfaces (surface groups). This interaction can change the materials and their properties, and it is therefore imperative to understand the underlying mechanisms. Surface groups on two-dimensional materials can be studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), where high energy electrons are transmitted through a sample and the resulting image is recorded. However, the high energy needed to get enough resolution to observe single atoms damages the sample and limits the type of materials which can be analyzed. Lowering the electron energy decreases the damage, but the image resolution at such conditions is severely limited by inherent imperfections (aberrations) in the TEM. During the last years, new TEM models have been developed which employ a low acceleration voltage together with aberration correction, enabling imaging at the atomic scale without damaging the samples. These aberration-corrected TEMs are important tools in understanding the structure and chemistry of two-dimensional materials.In this thesis the two-dimensional materials graphene and Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene have been investigated by low-voltage, aberration-corrected (scanning) TEM. High temperature annealing of graphene covered by residues from the synthesis is studied, as well as the structure and surface groups on single and double Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene. These results are important contributions to the understanding of this class of materials and how their properties can be controlled. Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattningTvådimensionella material har unika egenskaper som beror på deras speciella struktur. De lämpar sig därmed väl för framtidens elektronik som kräver dels kontroll ner på atomnivå och dels atomärt tunna material. Jag har undersökt dessa egenskaper med Linköping...

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Carbides

Tulhoff

Meese-Marktscheffel

Kind

et al. 2017

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Survey 1.1. Saltlike Carbides 1.2. Metal‐like Carbides 1.3. Diamond‐like Carbides 1.4. Carbides of Nonmetallic Elements 1.5. Crystal Structure 1.6. General Production Processes 1.7. Uses 2. Metal‐like Carbides of Industrial Importance 2.1. Tungsten Carbide 2.2. Titanium Carbide 2.3. Tantalum Carbide 2.4. Niobium Carbide 2.5. Zirconium Carbide 2.6. Hafnium Carbide 2.7. Vanadium Carbide 2.8. Chromium Carbide 2.9. Molybdenum Carbide 3. Mixed Carbides 3.1. Tungsten‐Titanium Carbide 3.2. Other Mixed Carbides 3.3. Carbonitrides 3.4. Mixed Carbonitrides 4. Carbides of the Iron Group and Manganese 5. Complex Carbides

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Recent advances in MXene: Preparation, properties, and applications

Cited by 849 publications

References 77 publications

Schottky-Barrier-Free Contacts with Two-Dimensional Semiconductors by Surface-Engineered MXenes

Schottky-Barrier-Free Contacts with Two-Dimensional Semiconductors by Surface-Engineered MXenes

Transmission Electron Microscopy of 2D Materials: Structure and Surface Properties

Carbides

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