Recent Advances in Nanoformulated Chemotherapeutic Drug Delivery (2015‐2019)

Abstract

An attempt was made to summarize the chemotherapeutic drug formulations at nanoscale. The number of biocompatible materials like carbohydrates, proteins, peptides, chitosan, and other water soluble materials would enhance the hydrophilicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. Some of the formulations were responsible for the improved anticancer activity, drug loading capability, higher encapsulation efficiency etc. Nanodrug formulations were engineered in such a way that hydrophobic anticancer agents were transformed to possess hydrophilic features which would allow them to self‐assemble into nanodrug carriers and hence longer blood circulation times of drug, sustained drug release were achieved. Tumor cell targetability was also achieved by selectively conjugating biomolecules with anticancer drugs. Drug loaded nanovectors exhibited improved cytotoxic activities compared to free drug molecules. Few classes of nanoformulations possessing major advantages were described in this review. These classes of drug delivery system possess a greater number of advantages over the other drug delivery systems. The amphiphilicity was enhanced by the complexation of the drugs and supramolecular micellation. Combination of the two or more drugs was successfully experimented via nanoprecipitation methods. Synergistic enhancement of the cytotoxic activity and good tumor growth inhibition evident by the introduction of chemotherapeutic nanopharmacology and nanodrug delivery methods were explained.

Therapeutic Potential of Nanomedicine in Management of Alzheimer’s Disease and Glioma

“… 211 It is observed that enhanced potency of 1,3 β-Glucan as an outer shell to chitosan nanoparticles loaded with paclitaxel can prevent hemolysis enabling effective therapeutic advantage against glioblastoma, thus overcoming the systemic toxicities due to paclitaxel alone with increased bioavailability. 212 The safety profile of drugs in nano formulations provides additional advantage compared to free drugs, 213 and further the cancer therapeutic is always at risk and disadvantage due to radiation toxicity, drugs like baicalein in its oral nanoform in preclinical evaluation have modulated the radiation response. 214 Cytarabine loaded liposomes in phase I/II clinical trials have shown additional safety as compared to free drug 215 in patients with secondary glioblastoma.…”