Recent advances in nanoscale metal–organic frameworks for cancer chemodynamic therapy

Abstract

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT), a novel therapeutic approach based on Fenton (Fenton-like) reaction, has been widely employed for tumor therapy. This approach utilizes Fe, Cu or other metal ions (Mn, Zn,...

Multivalence Manganese Mediated Dual ROS Generator for Augmented Chemodynamic Therapy and Activated Antitumor Immunogenic Responses

“…Chemodynamic therapy (CDT), relying on the specific acidic microenvironment and high H 2 O 2 levels to generate toxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH) through a Fenton or Fenton-like reaction, − with the negligible damage to normal tissue, has been considered as an emerging and effective approach for antitumor treatment. , Moreover, the cytosolic damage caused by CDT has been demonstrated as an effective modality to trigger immunogenic cell death (ICD), − which converts the “cold tumor” into the “hot tumor” by sending an “eat me” signal to the immune system . Specifically, abnormal levels of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as exposure of calreticulin (CRT), exocytosis of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), could be observed in ICD. − These phenomena stimulate the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) for antigen presentation, enhancing the proliferation of cytotoxic T cells (CD4 + /CD8 + T cells), increasing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ), and initiating an immune response to effectively resist the primary tumor and inhibit the metastases. − However, the efficacy of traditional CDT and CDT triggered ICD are hampered by the single type of ROS generation and low ROS generation efficiency .…”

Discovery of mitochondrion-targeting copper(ii)-plumbagin and -bipyridine complexes as chemodynamic therapy agents with enhanced antitumor activity

“…20 Cu( ii ) undergoes a redox reaction with GSH to generate oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and Cu( i ), which catalyzes the conversion of H 2 O 2 to ROS. 21–24 Moreover, copper complexes are less toxic than traditional platinum drugs. 25,26 Therefore, it is a promising strategy to use copper complexes to amplify ˙OH induced oxidative stress and reduce GSH to enhance the CDT effect.…”

A copper-loaded self-assembled nanoparticle for disturbing the tumor redox balance and triple anti-tumor therapy

“…Moreover, Cu + -catalyzed Fenton-like reactions demonstrated a higher efficiency compared to Fe 2+ in weakly acidic media. 34–36 Within a living organism, copper is connected to ligands such as protein, and an excess of free copper can potentially cause serious toxicity. 37,38 Consequently, it is essential to develop nanoparticles that ingeniously integrate Cu 2+ with mainstream therapeutics and spatiotemporally confine active agents in the tumor site.…”