Recent advances in nonmetallic modulation of palladium-based electrocatalysts

Abstract

Modulating the electrocatalytic performance of Palladium (Pd) with nonmetallic elements (e.g., H, B, C, N, O, P and S) has gained ever-increasing attention since their introduction has been proven to effectively modulate the 3d-electronic configuration and subsurface properties of Pd. In this review, the most advanced nonmetal-modified Pd-based catalysts are classified according to the different doped atoms (i.e., hydrides, borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides, phosphides and sulfides) and critically reviewed to emphasize the roles of nonmetallic elements doping on various electrocatalytic reactions. In each section, the synthetic strategies developed to incorporate nonmetals are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the optimized approaches of nonmetals-doped Pd-based catalysts and corresponding electrocatalytic enhancement mechanisms were also discussed clearly. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives regarding nonmetal-modified Pd-based nanocatalysts are also outlined.

Electronegative Phosphorus-Integrated Co2+ Active Sites for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction

“…This suggests a more facile and spontaneous N 2 activation atop the P-CoO surface. Collating our insights, it becomes evident that integrating electron-abundant phosphorus compensates for CoO’s inherent electron deficit during ENRR. ,− This act of doping recalibrates Co’s electronic architecture within CoO, thereby bolstering the reactivity and stability of the active Co sites. − …”

Ultrathin core–shell–satellite structured Au@PtPd@Pt nanowires for superior electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

“…This is due to their high aspect ratio and superb resistance to dissolution and aggregation, which can suppress physical Ostwald ripening, increase atomic utilization, and facilitate mass and electron transfer during electrocatalysis. 15,[21][22][23][24] The ultrathin Au nanowires, known for their excellent chemical stability and corrosion resistance under electrochemical conditions, are especially beneficial for fabricating desired core-shell electrocatalysts and enhancing the structural stability of the target catalysts. [25][26][27][28][29] Recognizing the significance of architectural superiority and compositional synergy, a facile template method is presented in this study to fabricate Au@PtPd@Pt NWs with a core-shellsatellite configuration.…”

Importing Antibonding‐Orbital Occupancy through Pd−O−Gd Bridge Promotes Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction

“…[19][20][21] Consequently, the prevailing approach for modulating the ORR activity of Pd primarily centers on hybridization with nonmetallic or transition-metal elements. [22][23][24] A notable example is the F-doped Pd/NÀ C, in which the introduction of F atoms regulates the local coordination environment of Pd with an N-rich surface to modulate *O intermediate binding energy on N@Pd (111) for ORR. [25] Alloying Pd with transition-metal elements such as Fe, Co, and Ni decreases the adsorption energy of *OH for enhancing ORR owing to the shift of the d-band center induced by d-p orbital coupling.…”