Recent Advances in Novel Antiviral Therapies against Human Adenovirus

Saha, Bratati; Parks, Robin J.

doi:10.3390/microorganisms8091284

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 173 publications

(333 reference statements)

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“…17,18 Currently, there are no approved antivirals for severe adenoviral infections, however, antivirals approved for the treatment of other viral infections are being used. 19,20 In children younger than 5 years, RSV and AdV are important etiologic agents of acute infection of the respiratory tract. Information from Nigeria with a burden of infection with RSV and AdV genotypes circulating among the populace is sparse, therefore, it is necessary for the development of a worldwide effective vaccine.…”

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confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and molecular characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus and human adenovirus among children in Ado‐Ekiti, Nigeria

Idris

Kolawole

2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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In children, the respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus majorly cause acute respiratory infections. The study evaluated the seroprevalence and conducted the molecular characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) and human adenovirus (HAdV) among children. Venous blood, nasopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal swabs were collected from children presenting with acute respiratory infections in a tertiary health facility in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. A serological investigation was carried out on the sera samples for the detection of anti-HRSV immunoglobulin M (IgM), anti-HRSV IgG, anti-HAdV IgM, and anti-HAdV IgG using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) kits. The amplification and sequencing of HRSV and HAdV were carried out using specific primer pairs that targeted the glycoprotein (G) gene of HRSV and the hexon gene of HAdV, respectively.The seroprevalence of HRSV IgG and IgM was 73% and 7.5%, respectively, while the seroprevalence of HAdV IgG and IgM was 98.5% and 8.5%, respectively. The age of enrolled children, presence of fever, and cough were associated (p < 0.05) with the infection. HRSV subtype B (HRSV-B) (13.3%), and species of HAdV (Mastadenovirus B and C) (11.7%) were detected among the studied population. There was no viral coinfection with both HRSV and HAdV. In infancy and early childhood, HRSV-B, HAdV species B and C are common etiologic agents of respiratory infections as reported in this study. Further studies on molecular characterization of respiratory tract viruses including circulating respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus are hereby advocated.

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confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and molecular characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus and human adenovirus among children in Ado‐Ekiti, Nigeria

Idris

Kolawole

2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Nonetheless, Ad-36 infection could be a potential new factor to be considered to investigate the worldwide epidemic of obesity [ 129 ]. Currently, there are no approved therapeutics to treat adenovirus infections, and the standard treatment relies on drugs approved to counteract other viral infections [ 130 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Findings from Studies Are Congruent with Obesity Having a Viral Origin, but What about Obesity-Related NAFLD?

Tarantino

Citro

Cataldi

2021

Viruses

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Infection has recently started receiving greater attention as an unusual causative/inducing factor of obesity. Indeed, the biological plausibility of infectobesity includes direct roles of some viruses to reprogram host metabolism toward a more lipogenic and adipogenic status. Furthermore, the probability that humans may exchange microbiota components (virome/virobiota) points out that the altered response of IFN and other cytokines, which surfaces as a central mechanism for adipogenesis and obesity-associated immune suppression, is due to the fact that gut microbiota uphold intrinsic IFN signaling. Last but not least, the adaptation of both host immune and metabolic system under persistent viral infections play a central role in these phenomena. We hereby discuss the possible link between adenovirus and obesity-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The mechanisms of adenovirus-36 (Ad-36) involvement in hepatic steatosis/NAFLD consist in reducing leptin gene expression and insulin sensitivity, augmenting glucose uptake, activating the lipogenic and pro-inflammatory pathways in adipose tissue, and increasing the level of macrophage chemoattractant protein-1, all of these ultimately leading to chronic inflammation and altered lipid metabolism. Moreover, by reducing leptin expression and secretion Ad-36 may have in turn an obesogenic effect through increased food intake or decreased energy expenditure via altered fat metabolism. Finally, Ad-36 is involved in upregulation of cAMP, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and p38 signaling pathways, downregulation of Wnt10b expression, increased expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-beta, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 with consequential lipid accumulation.

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“…In this article, we review the biology of wild-type adenovirus, the construction of recombinant adenoviruses, including replication-defective adenoviral vectors and condi-ble-stranded DNA genome spanning 26-45 kb [2,3]. Adenoviruses are divided into s species (A-G) and human adenoviruses are classified into more than 100 subtypes cluding serotypes 1-52 and genotypes 53-103 [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Together, the two proteins prevent the death of the infected host cell, thereby allowing viral replication to occur [6]. The late genes encode structural/capsid (e.g., penton, hexon, and fiber) and core (e.g., protein VII and protease) viral proteins [2,3,23]. Adenovirus also devotes many proteins, including E1B55K, E4orf3, E4orf4, E4orf6, and core protein VII, and utilizes a variety of mechanisms to inhibit the host's DNA damage response (DDR); the DDR would otherwise restrict adenoviral replication [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenovirus Biology, Recombinant Adenovirus, and Adenovirus Usage in Gene Therapy

Watanabe

Nishikawaji

Kawakami

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Gene therapy is currently in the public spotlight. Several gene therapy products, including oncolytic virus (OV), which predominantly replicates in and kills cancer cells, and COVID-19 vaccines have recently been commercialized. Recombinant adenoviruses, including replication-defective adenoviral vector and conditionally replicating adenovirus (CRA; oncolytic adenovirus), have been extensively studied and used in clinical trials for cancer and vaccines. Here, we review the biology of wild-type adenoviruses, the methodological principle for constructing recombinant adenoviruses, therapeutic applications of recombinant adenoviruses, and new technologies in pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based regenerative medicine. Moreover, this article describes the technology platform for efficient construction of diverse “CRAs that can specifically target tumors with multiple factors” (m-CRAs). This technology allows for modification of four parts in the adenoviral E1 region and the subsequent insertion of a therapeutic gene and promoter to enhance cancer-specific viral replication (i.e., safety) as well as therapeutic effects. The screening study using the m-CRA technology successfully identified survivin-responsive m-CRA (Surv.m-CRA) as among the best m-CRAs, and clinical trials of Surv.m-CRA are underway for patients with cancer. This article also describes new recombinant adenovirus-based technologies for solving issues in PSC-based regenerative medicine.

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Recent Advances in Novel Antiviral Therapies against Human Adenovirus

Cited by 24 publications

References 173 publications

Seroprevalence and molecular characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus and human adenovirus among children in Ado‐Ekiti, Nigeria

Seroprevalence and molecular characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus and human adenovirus among children in Ado‐Ekiti, Nigeria

Findings from Studies Are Congruent with Obesity Having a Viral Origin, but What about Obesity-Related NAFLD?

Adenovirus Biology, Recombinant Adenovirus, and Adenovirus Usage in Gene Therapy

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