Recent Advances in Organic Molecular-to-Supramolecular Self-Assembled Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Materials for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

This minireview focuses on recent advancements in organic molecular-to-supramolecular self-assembled room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials and their prospective biomedical applications. RTP materials, having their unique capacity to emit long-lasting phosphorescence at ambient temperature, have piqued researchers’ interest in various biological applications, including biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, and photodynamic therapy (PDT). These materials have several benefits, including high sensitivity, remarkable photostability, and low cytotoxicity. RTP materials’ self-assembly into supramolecular structures improves their performance and broadens their uses. Researchers have built organic RTP systems with long-lasting phosphorescence by leveraging weak noncovalent interactions in aquatic conditions. These materials have demonstrated incredible promise as biosensors that enable sensitive analyte detection and as photosensitizers in PDT that target and sensitize specific cell types. The review also outlines future directions and challenges in developing and utilizing pure organic RTP materials for biological imaging purposes, providing valuable guidelines for their future design and application.

Host–guest interaction induced room-temperature phosphorescence enhancement of organic dyes: a computational study

“…9,10 Organic RTP materials with their high exciton utilization rate, low energy consumption and environmental friendliness have become a promising green and energy-saving optical energy source. 11–13 However, the phosphorescence quantum yield (PQY) of organic dyes is quite low under ambient conditions because of the weak spin–orbit coupling (SOC) between the excited singlet and triplet states 14 and rapid nonradiative decay of triplet excitons by molecular motions. 15…”

Self-Assembled Nanotubes Based on Chiral H8-BINOL Modified with 1,2,3-Triazole to Recognize Bi3+ Efficiently by ICT Mechanism

“…As a cross-discipline between supramolecular chemistry and materials chemistry, the structural study of supramolecular self-assembly can help to enhance the understanding of the microstructure of molecular materials [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. In the process of chemical development, molecular self-assembly nanomaterials have attracted more and more attention due to their wide applications in sensing, separation [ 7 , 8 ], catalysis [ 9 , 10 ], biomedicine [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], pharmacology [ 14 , 15 , 16 ] and other fields.…”

Surface coating induced room-temperature phosphorescence in flexible organic single crystals

“…One commonly followed strategy to achieve phosphorescence at ambient conditions is to facilitate SOC by incorporating aromatic carbonyls or heavy atoms. [13][14][15][16][17][18] Crystal engineering, doping, or supramolecular approaches are convenient compared to covalent modications for incorporating these moieties because of the ease of preparation and the possibility of ne-tuning the structure through subtle protocol changes. [19][20][21][22] These approaches further provide precise control over the positioning of the moieties, allow for tuning of material properties, and exhibit stimuli responsiveness owing to their dynamic behaviour.…”