Recent advances in overcoming barriers to cell‐based delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy

Abstract

Immunotherapy strategies that use cell-based delivery systems have sparked much interest in the treatment of malignancies, owing to their high biocompatibility, excellent tumor targeting capability, and unique biofunctionalities in the tumor growth process. A variety of design principles for cell-based immunotherapy, including cell surface decoration, cell membrane coating, cell encapsulation, genetically engineered cell, and cellderived exosomes, give cancer immunotherapy great potential to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse effects. However, the treatment efficacy of cell-based delivery methods for immunotherapy is still limited, and practical uses are hampered due to complex physiological and immunological obstacles, such as physical barriers to immune infiltration, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, upregulation of immunosuppressive pathways, and metabolic restriction. In this review, we present an overview of the design principles of cell-based delivery systems in cancer immunotherapy to maximize the therapeutic impact, along with anatomical, metabolic, and immunological impediments in using cell-based immunotherapy to treat cancer. Following that, a summary of novel delivery strategies that have been created to overcome these obstacles to cell-based immunotherapeutic delivery systems is provided. Also, the obstacles and prospects of next-step development of cell-based delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy are concluded in the end.

Bioinformatics Analysis of LGR4 in Colon Adenocarcinoma as Potential Diagnostic Biomarker, Therapeutic Target and Promoting Immune Cell Infiltration

“…COAD is a particularly difficult cancer with a high mortality rate in advanced stages [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Here, we conducted the integral bioinformatic analysis to identify a new biomarker for COAD early diagnosis and prognosis.…”

Exosome derived from stem cell: A promising therapeutics for wound healing

“…Surrounded by lipid bilayers, EdSC can regulate cell–cell communication by transferring a lot of functional biomolecules to recipient cells ( Tran et al, 2020 ; An et al, 2021 ; Arishe et al, 2021 ). As the main paracrine factors of stem cells, many studies established that EdSCs are also involved in the immune response ( Hodge et al, 2021 ; Dai et al, 2022 ), cancer prevention and treatment ( Jiang et al, 2022 ; Nik Nabil et al, 2022 ), antigen presentation ( You et al, 2021 ; Zheng et al, 2022 ), angiogenesis ( Yang et al, 2021 ), drug delivery ( Riau et al, 2019 ; Ding et al, 2022 ; Rao et al, 2022 ), and inflammation ( Shen et al, 2021 ). Multiple pharmacological effects make EdSC attract much attention in enhancing skin wound healing ( Las Heras et al, 2020 ; Al Gailani et al, 2022 ; Dong et al, 2022 ; Opoku-Damoah et al, 2022 ).…”

Amino acid sequence determines the adjuvant potency of ad-tetra-peptide hydrogel

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