Recent advances in photorefractivity of poly(4-diphenylaminostyrene) composites: Wavelength dependence and dynamic holographic images

Tsujimura, Sho; Kinashi, Kenji; Sakai, Wataru; Tsutsumi, Naoto

doi:10.7567/jjap.53.082601

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] Examples of updatable holography include azobenzene molecules in polymer matrices, [6][7][8] liquid crystals, 9,10 polymeric liquid crystals [11][12][13][14][15] and photorefractive polymers. [16][17][18][19] In particular, azobenzene molecules are the most promising candidates for use in updatable holography because azobenzenes are well-known photosensitive chromophores that undergo trans-cis photoisomerization upon irradiation with light of an appropriate wavelength in a solution or in an appropriate host matrix. [20][21][22][23][24] The repetition of such photoisomerization within a host matrix leads to perpendicular alignment of the long axis of the azobenzene chromophore to the electric field vector of the linearly polarized light, which eventually induces anisotropy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular design of azo-carbazole monolithic dyes for updatable full-color holograms

et al. 2016

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For the use of updatable full-color holography in practical applications, azo-carbazole (ACzE) monolithic dyes dispersed in poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films with high diffraction efficiency, write/delete capabilities and transparency are of extreme importance. We synthesized seven types of novel ACzE monolithic dyes and examined the influence of substituents introduced in the para position of the phenyl ring and the distinct strength of the substituents (NO 2 : NACzE, CN: CACzE, CH 3 CO: AACzE, F: FACzE, CH 3 O: MACzE, OH: HACzE and NH 2 : AmACzE) on the phenyl ring of the ACzEs. Spectroscopic and holographic optical properties, including absorption coefficient α, wavelength dependence of diffraction efficiency η, response time τ, the thickness of the recorded gratings d, the Bragg angle ΔW and the Q-factor, required for the optimization of updatable full-color holograms were investigated. On the basis of the spectroscopic and holographic optical results, the appropriate writing/reading beams were determined as follows: 561/4600 nm for NACzE, 532/4560 nm for CACzE (and AACzE), 491/4530 nm for MACzE (and HACzE). According to the spectroscopic and holographic optical results, we propose here an insight designed to allow updatable full-color holography using ACzEs, and demonstrate a multi-color hologram in MACzE/PMMA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular design of azo-carbazole monolithic dyes for updatable full-color holograms

et al. 2016

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“…62 Furthermore, these changes improved the optical diffraction by up to 90% using the same composites. 63 The development of polyacrylic TPA-based PR polymers has also been reported. 43,64 A high diffraction efficiency of 480% at moderate electric field of 40 V μm − 1 was achieved for a poly(4-diphenylamino) benzyl acrylate (PDAA)-based PR polymer, PDAA/7-DCST/BBP/ PCBM.…”

Section: Carbazole Trimermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 8 summarizes the commonly used plasticizers. In PR polymers, photoconductive plasticizers such as ECZ, 15,39,44,62,63 carbazoylethylpropionate (CzEPA), 44,52,91 TPA, 62,63 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-diphenylamine (TAA) 41,42 and (4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)methanol (TPAOH) 64 have been commonly used. Photoconductive plasticizers with long alkyl chains, such as 9-(2-ethylhexyl)carbazole (EHCz), 92 have also been used.…”

Section: Plasticizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…91 Using the same PR polymer device, they reconstructed a dynamic 2D hologram with an object image that was supplied from a spatial light modulator at a refresh time of 1 s using the same PVK PR device, 129 and a 50 ms response time using a PDAS-based PR composite of PDAS/FDSCT/ECZ/PCBM (44/35/20/1 by wt.). 62,63 Video-rate updatable hologram imaging was successfully demonstrated on a PDASbased PR composite because of the higher hole mobility of PDAS, which was in the order of 10 −4 -10 −3 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . 62 2D holographic images were reconstructed using a 100 mm × 100 mm device that consisted of a PDAA-based PR composite of PDAA/7-DCST/BBP/ PCBM (55/40/4/1 by wt.).…”

Section: Pr Response In a Centrosymmetric Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular design of photorefractive polymers

Tsutsumi

2016

Polym J

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This review article describes the current state-of-the-art research on organic photorefractive polymer composites. A historical background on photorefractive materials is first introduced and is followed by a discussion on the opto-physical aspects and the mechanism of photorefractivity. The molecular design of photorefractive polymers and organic compounds is discussed, followed by a discussion on optical applications of the photorefractive polymers. Polymer Journal (2016) 48, 571-588; doi:10.1038/pj.2015.131; published online 27 January 2016 BACKGROUND In this report, the molecular design of organic photorefractive (PR) polymers is reviewed. Organic PR polymers are materials that possess both electro-optical and photoconductive properties. Research on photoconductive polymers, whose pioneering polymer is poly(N-vinyl carbazole) (PVK, PVCz), began in the 1960s. From the 1980s, research on organic nonlinear optical (NLO) materials has been widely conducted in the fields of organic electro-optics and optical nonlinearity. From the 1990s, new technology using organic photorefractivity combined with photoconductive and electro-optical properties was introduced in the field of organic semiconducting materials, 1 and organic light-emitting diodes 2-6 and organic fieldeffect transistors 7 were also debuted in this field. At the same time, the interest of researchers also turned toward the development of organic photovoltaic cells and organic solar cells. [8][9][10][11] The transport of charge carriers through photoconductive manifolds is a common phenomenon found in PR, organic light-emitting diode or organic photovoltaic materials. Thus, the development of materials in each field is expected to merge together to trigger the development of novel materials.The PR effect is a well-known phenomenon that is observed in materials in which refractive index modulation is induced by the space-charge field that results from the redistribution of positive and negative charge carriers separated through photo-excitation. 12 This phenomenon was first reported in inorganic crystals of lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) and lithium tantalate (LiTaO 3 ) and was observed through heterogeneous optically induced refractive indices in 1966. 13 Since then, the PR effect has extensively been investigated in many inorganic crystals, and theoretical approaches have been established to explain this phenomenon. 14 In 1991, 1 the first study of PR polymers reported a low diffraction efficiency of 10 −3 to 1% and a small optical gain of 0.33 cm À1 . In 1994, 15 a high diffraction efficiency of 86% (the remaining 14% was attributed to optical losses) and a large optical gain exceeding 200 cm À1 was reported in photoconductive PVK-based PR composites. Over the past two decades, many featured review articles [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] and book

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“…A 2D hologram image was recorded, clearly reconstructed and over‐recorded every 1 s (refresh rate of 1 s −1 ) in a flat panel consisting of the same PVK‐based composite . A 50 ms response time was achieved for a PDAS‐based PR composite of PDAS/FDCST/ECZ/PCBM (44/35/20/1 by weight) . A video‐rate updatable 2D hologram was successfully recorded and simultaneously reconstructed and over‐recorded in a PR device with a PDAS‐based PR composite because of the high hole mobility of the order of 10 −4 –10 −3 cm 2 V −1 s −1 of PDAS .…”

Section: Optical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in photorefractive and photoactive polymers for holographic applications

Tsutsumi

2016

Polymer International

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The current state-of-the-art of photorefractive and photoactive polymers for holographic applications is summarized and reviewed. Photorefractive polymers and some kinds of photoactive materials based on the azobenzene chromophore have great potential for updatable holographic applications. Updatable three-dimensional holographic displays of large size have been developed using photorefractive polymers as well as photoactive azobenzene materials. Time responses of photorefractive polymers of the order of seconds and hundreds of milliseconds are currently improved to be of the order of milliseconds to hundreds of microseconds with high diffraction efficiency and high optical gain.

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Recent advances in photorefractivity of poly(4-diphenylaminostyrene) composites: Wavelength dependence and dynamic holographic images

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Molecular design of azo-carbazole monolithic dyes for updatable full-color holograms

Molecular design of azo-carbazole monolithic dyes for updatable full-color holograms

Molecular design of photorefractive polymers

Recent advances in photorefractive and photoactive polymers for holographic applications

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