Recent Advances in Polar Cap Density Structure Research

Zou, Shasha; Perry, G. W.; Foster, J. C.

doi:10.1002/9781119815617.ch4

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…The terrestrial ionosphere is dynamic and highly variable depending on multiple factors, i.e., solar, interplanetary and lower atmosphere conditions, as well as geographic locations. Eruptive solar events, such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs), have the greatest impact on short term but large scale ionospheric variability [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] . As one of the five major space weather threats in the National Space Weather Strategy and Action Plan, ionospheric disturbance could degrade or disrupt satellite navigation and communication systems as well as long-distance radio communication.…”

Section: Background and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Global Total Electron Content Map Dataset based on a Video Imputation Algorithm VISTA

et al. 2023

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Ionospheric total electron content (TEC) derived from multi-frequency Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals and the relevant products have become one of the most utilized parameters in the space weather and ionospheric research community. However, there are a couple of challenges in using the global TEC map data including large data gaps over oceans and the potential of losing meso-scale ionospheric structures when applying traditional reconstruction and smoothing algorithms. In this paper, we describe and release a global TEC map database, constructed and completed based on the Madrigal TEC database with a novel video imputation algorithm called VISTA (Video Imputation with SoftImpute, Temporal smoothing and Auxiliary data). The complete TEC maps reveal important large-scale TEC structures and preserve the observed meso-scale structures. Basic ideas and the pipeline of the video imputation algorithm are introduced briefly, followed by discussions on the computational costs and fine tuning of the adopted algorithm. Discussions on potential usages of the complete TEC database are given, together with a concrete example of applying this database.

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Section: Background and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Global Total Electron Content Map Dataset based on a Video Imputation Algorithm VISTA

et al. 2023

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“…In recent years, these two categories have become known as "cold" and "hot" PCPs respectively, referring to the fact that PCPs formed from precipitation will typically have a plasma temperature higher than the background plasma while those from dense dayside plasma are known to be cooler (Zhang et al, 2017). Zou et al (2021a) suggested that those two types of patches should be routinely distinguished and their relationship and space weather impact should be further studied, such as whether the classical patch evolves into the hot patch under the influence of particle precipitation and FACs, or these hot patches can be produced solely by particle precipitation.…”

Section: Polar Cap Patches Patch Definition and Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, because there are currently no continuous and high-resolution observations of the dayside convection convection that would map to the magnetospheric driver region, such as magnetopause reconnection region, and the entire patch formation sequence is complex and not well understood, it is currently impossible to make exact predictions as to when and where PCPs are generated. More statistical studies are needed to understand the most probable IMF conditions right at the time when the patches are produced, in order to single out the major segmenting mechanism of patch (Zou et al, 2021a).…”

Section: Patch Generation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polar Cap Science: Plasma Structuring

Lamarche,

Goodwin,

Nikoukar

et al. 2023

Bulletin of the AAS

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The polar cap ionosphere is a highly dynamic and structured environment. It is frequently populated with polar cap patches and other mesoscale density structures which, through a number of plasma instability mechanism, can drive the development of smaller-scale structures throughout the region. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of how structured polar cap plasma is and the processes that drive this structuring on a range of scales. We emphasize that much is still unknown about exactly how prevalent small-scale structures are and the factors that drive their formation. Mesoscale structures such as polar cap patches have been studied for decades, but we do not have the ability to predict them accurately, and their impact on the larger geospace system is not well quantified. Continued investment in polar infrastructure is needed to advance many open questions.

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“…The combination of these processes results in a large-scale ionospheric plasma density increase redistribution from mid-latitude or even the equator to high latitudes, and at dusk, the plasma of the EIA crests can contribute to the plumes of Storm Enhanced Density (SED, Huba et al 2017;Sandel et al 2001). These plumes can be transported through the dayside cusp and across the polar cap into the night side where they form structures called Tongues Of Ionisation (TOI, Foster et al 2005) or polar cap patches (Foster et al 2021;Zou et al 2021a).…”

Section: Ionospheric Weathermentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Environmental Monitoring by Means of Radio Waves in the Polar Regions: From Atmosphere to Geospace

et al. 2022

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The Antarctic and Arctic regions are Earth's open windows to outer space. They provide unique opportunities for investigating the troposphere–thermosphere–ionosphere–plasmasphere system at high latitudes, which is not as well understood as the mid- and low-latitude regions mainly due to the paucity of experimental observations. In addition, different neutral and ionised atmospheric layers at high latitudes are much more variable compared to lower latitudes, and their variability is due to mechanisms not yet fully understood. Fortunately, in this new millennium the observing infrastructure in Antarctica and the Arctic has been growing, thus providing scientists with new opportunities to advance our knowledge on the polar atmosphere and geospace. This review shows that it is of paramount importance to perform integrated, multi-disciplinary research, making use of long-term multi-instrument observations combined with ad hoc measurement campaigns to improve our capability of investigating atmospheric dynamics in the polar regions from the troposphere up to the plasmasphere, as well as the coupling between atmospheric layers. Starting from the state of the art of understanding the polar atmosphere, our survey outlines the roadmap for enhancing scientific investigation of its physical mechanisms and dynamics through the full exploitation of the available infrastructures for radio-based environmental monitoring.

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Recent Advances in Polar Cap Density Structure Research

Cited by 5 publications

References 93 publications

Complete Global Total Electron Content Map Dataset based on a Video Imputation Algorithm VISTA

Complete Global Total Electron Content Map Dataset based on a Video Imputation Algorithm VISTA

Polar Cap Science: Plasma Structuring

Review of Environmental Monitoring by Means of Radio Waves in the Polar Regions: From Atmosphere to Geospace

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