Recent advances in processes and catalysts for glycerol carbonate production via direct and indirect use of CO2

Inrirai, Patcharaporn; Keogh, John; Centeno-Pedrazo, Ander; Artioli, Nancy; Manyar, Haresh

doi:10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102693

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…However, the enzymatic process requires a high amount of solvent, 20:1 M ratio of DMC/Gly, which results in a high operating cost . Furthermore, valorization of crude Gly through the enzymatic process is limited when the water content is greater than 0.5% v/v; it seems to have a negative effect on the reaction by inhibition of enzymatic activity . The utilization of enzymes in the industrial production of Glc is limited due to their high cost and susceptibility to denaturation over time .…”

Section: Various Synthesis Methods For Glycerol Carbonatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 Furthermore, valorization of crude Gly through the enzymatic process is limited when the water content is greater than 0.5% v/v; it seems to have a negative effect on the reaction by inhibition of enzymatic activity. 14 The utilization of enzymes in the industrial production of Glc is limited due to their high cost and susceptibility to denaturation over time. 23 Therefore, continuous research efforts are needed to overcome the existing challenges associated with enzyme catalysts.…”

Section: Enzymatic Transesterification Of Gly With Dmcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, approximately 16 review articles have been published in open literature on Glc synthesis and application. ,− Many of the articles summarize the single Glc synthesis reaction pathway, catalyst advancement, and reaction conditions that influence the reaction performance. Very few articles presented all potential pathways and reaction mechanisms and also failed to address the industrially feasible processes and favorable reaction conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glycerol Carbonate Synthesis: Critical Analysis of Prospects and Challenges with Special Emphasis on Influencing Parameters for Catalytic Transesterification

Gosu,

Arora,

Subbaramaiah

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Resour. Manage.

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Due to the global depletion of natural resources, developing economically and environmentally sustainable energy sources is critical. Biodiesel can substitute for diesel without significant modification of existing engines. Biodiesel production has accelerated in recent years, because of aggressive government policies and incentives to meet energy demand and environmental concerns. A surplus amount of glycerol (Gly) is generated during biodiesel production as a byproduct. Thus, developing viable routes for the valorization of Glyl is crucial for the sustainability of the biodiesel industry. Valorization of Gly-to-glycerol carbonate (Glc) is considered an attractive route due to its wide industrial applicability. This paper discusses the potential synthesis routes including glycerolysis of urea, direct carbonation of Gly with CO 2 , enzymatic transesterification of Gly, and catalytic transesterification of Gly with alkyl carbonate to produce Glc. This paper addresses the performance of various homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts used in Glc synthesis. Among various synthesis routes, catalytic transesterification of Gly with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is considered as green and environmentally friendly, operates under mild reaction conditions, and is an industrially feasible process with high selectivity and yield. In order to achieve high yield and selectivity of Glc, key influencing process parameters such as catalyst dose, molar ratio of DMC/Gly, reaction temperature, reaction time, and basic sites of the catalyst are discussed. Repurposing of surplus glycerol for Glc production enhances biodiesel economics. Finally, this paper suggests future prospects for various pathways for the sustainable production of Glc.

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Section: Various Synthesis Methods For Glycerol Carbonatementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Enzymatic Transesterification Of Gly With Dmcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Glycerol Carbonate Synthesis: Critical Analysis of Prospects and Challenges with Special Emphasis on Influencing Parameters for Catalytic Transesterification

Gosu,

Arora,

Subbaramaiah

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Resour. Manage.

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show abstract

“…Thus, converting the liability from biodiesel industry into the asset, adhering to the principles of circular economic approach, while at the same time improving the process economics and profitability of the overall biorefinery concept. In continuation of our group's interest in biomass derived drop in fuels [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], and environmental catalysis [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36], herein we have critically reviewed the upgrading glycerol to glycerol esters as the products.…”

Section: Upgrading Glycerol To Value Added Glycerol Esters: the Key T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Solid/Liquid Acid Catalysts for Glycerol Esterification: The Key to Convert Liability into Assets

Keogh,

Inrirai,

Artioli

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Owing to the growing concerns due to dwindling fossil fuel reserves, increasing energy demand and climate emergency, it is imperative to develop and deploy sustainable energy technologies to ensure future energy supply as well as transition to the net zero world. In this context, there is great potential in the biorefinery concept for supplying drop in biofuels in the form of biodiesel. Biodiesel as a fuel can certainly bridge the gap where electrification or the use of hydrogen is not feasible, for instance heavy vehicles, farm and marine transportation sector. However, biodiesel industry also leads to formation of large amount of crude glycerol as the byproduct. Crude glycerol due to presence of several impurities may not be a suitable feedstock for all high value products derived from glycerol but fits well with glycerol esterification for producing glycerol acetins, which have numerous applications. This review critically looks at the processes using nanostructured solid/liquid acid catalysts for glycerol esterification including the economic viability of the scale up.

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“…Thus, this accomplishes the conversion of the liability from the biodiesel industry into assets while adhering to the principles of the circular economy approach and improving the process economics and profitability of the overall biorefinery concept. In continuation of our group's interest in a biomass-derived drop in fuels [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] and an environmental catalysis [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], herein, we have critically reviewed the upgrading of glycerol to glycerol esters as the products.…”

Section: Upgrading Glycerol To Value-added Glycerol Esters: the Key T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Solid/Liquid Acid Catalysts for Glycerol Esterification: The Key to Convert Liability into Assets

Keogh,

Inrirai,

Artioli

et al. 2024

Nanomaterials

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Owing to the growing concerns about the dwindling fossil fuel reserves, increasing energy demand, and climate emergency, it is imperative to develop and deploy sustainable energy technologies to ensure future energy supply and to transition to the net-zero world. In this context, there is great potential in the biorefinery concept for supplying drop in biofuels in the form of biodiesel. Biodiesel as a fuel can certainly bridge the gap where electrification or the use of hydrogen is not feasible, for instance, in heavy vehicles and in the farm and marine transportation sectors. However, the biodiesel industry also generates a large amount of crude glycerol as the by-product. Due to the presence of several impurities, crude glycerol may not be a suitable feedstock for all high-value products derived from glycerol, but it fits well with glycerol esterification for producing glycerol acetins, which have numerous applications. This review critically looks at the processes using nanostructured solid/liquid acid catalysts for glycerol esterification, including the economic viability of the scale-up. The homogeneous catalysts reviewed herein include mineral acids and Brønsted acidic ionic liquids, such as SO3H-functionalized and heteropoly acid based ionic liquids. The heterogeneous catalysts reviewed herein include solid acid catalysts such as metal oxides, ion-exchange resins, zeolites, and supported heteropoly acid-based catalysts. Furthermore, the techno-economic analysis studies have shown the process to be highly profitable, confirming the viability of glycerol esterification as a potential tool for economic value addition to the biorefinery industry.

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Recent advances in processes and catalysts for glycerol carbonate production via direct and indirect use of CO2

Cited by 9 publications

References 188 publications

Glycerol Carbonate Synthesis: Critical Analysis of Prospects and Challenges with Special Emphasis on Influencing Parameters for Catalytic Transesterification

Glycerol Carbonate Synthesis: Critical Analysis of Prospects and Challenges with Special Emphasis on Influencing Parameters for Catalytic Transesterification

Nanostructured Solid/Liquid Acid Catalysts for Glycerol Esterification: The Key to Convert Liability into Assets

Nanostructured Solid/Liquid Acid Catalysts for Glycerol Esterification: The Key to Convert Liability into Assets

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