Recent advances in properties and applications of nanoporous materials and porous carbons

Terminology relating to nano-, micro- and macroporous polymer materials - an overview

“…Gas porosimetry and mercury porosimetry is applied to characterize porous materials, while gas adsorption can be used to pores of size up to 50 nm, and mercury porosimetry covers the range of materials from 4 nm to 950 µm diameter [46]. Materials of this pore size range can be applied in separation and membrane technologies, catalysis, or drug delivery [47,48]. The range of nanoporous materials up to 500 nm pore diameter according to the proposed classification, can be obtained for example in the foaming process with adsorption of carbon dioxide or injection molding with gas in the supercritical state [49][50][51].…”

Porous Inorganic Nanomaterials: Their Evolution towards Hierarchical Porous Nanostructures

“…These materials, classified based on their pore size and network, exhibit unique properties owing to their enhanced surface area and reactivity with molecules or ions. The official terms set by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) to describe porous materials according to pore sizes are as follows: microporous (<2 nm), mesoporous (2-50 nm), and macroporous (>50 nm) materials [7,8,41,48,49]. Though unofficial, the term "nanoporous" has been widely used to refer to materials with pores of the size of a nanometer (or even lower) [7,41] to tens of nanometers [7] up to a maximum of 100 nm [13,41,48].…”

“…In this respect, porous materials and nanomaterials as separate fields have attracted great attention. They have become two intensively researched materials due to their potential to tackle these current technological demands for various applications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], such as sensing and catalysis. Within their structures, porous materials have pores, channels, or voids, which can be of various shapes and sizes and can contribute to material properties such as increased specific surface area, improved adsorption and absorption, and better fluid permeation/transport.…”

First Report on a 1-Cycle Solid-Phase Extraction Method for Selective Separation of Am3+ and Eu3+: Use of BTP-Grafted Silica Decorated on Activated Carbon

“…A large number of reports on solid absorbents using alumina, zeolites, polymers, impregnated resins, silica, magnetic nanomaterials, and carbon-based materials (graphene oxide, CNT, and activated carbon) have appeared in the literature. − Activated carbon (AC) is a popular choice of absorbent among all those commonly used owing to its high surface area, porous structure, nontoxic nature, low cost, adsorption capacity, surface reactivity, thermal as well as chemical stability, and unlimited availability of natural carbon sources (agricultural waste). − Conceivably, the chemical modification of AC materials is an adaptable method to enhance their selectivity toward specific analytes. − Most frequently, –OH, –CHO, –COOH, and –COOR groups are utilized in the modification procedures.…”