“…In addition, plasticization in the "molten" state can be achieved through thermo-mechanical kneading, and production of chitosan-based films using this technique may approach industrial fabrication conditions. Such a plasticization technique has been developed since the nineties to facilitate the processing of bio-based plastics such as thermoplastic starch (TPS) (Avérous, 2004), cellulose acetate (Quintana, Persenaire, Bonnaud, & Dubois, 2012), protein-based plastics (Hernandez-Izquierdo & Krochta, 2008), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) (Holmes, 1985) or poly(lactic acid) (PLA) (Garlotta, 2001). More recently, this technique that uses mechanical and thermal energy, has been adapted to chitosan in the presence of polyols and an acetic acid aqueous solution to achieve plasticization (Epure, Griffon, Pollet, & Avérous, 2011;Matet, Heuzey, Pollet, Ajji, & Avérous, 2013).…”