Recent advances in recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer, accounting for 75%-85% of cases. Although treatments are given to cure early-stage HCC, up to 50%-70% of individuals may experience a relapse of the illness in the liver after 5 years. Research on the fundamental treatment modalities for recurrent HCC is moving significantly further. The precise selection of individuals for therapy strategies with established survival advantages is crucial to ensuring better outcomes. These strategies aim to minimize substantial morbidity, support good life quality, and enhance survival for patients with recurrent HCC. For individuals with recurring HCC after curative treatment, no approved therapeutic regimen is currently available. A recent study presented novel approaches, like immunotherapy and antiviral medication, to improve the prognosis of patients with recurring HCC with the apparent lack of data to guide the clinical treatment. The data supporting several neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies for patients with recurring HCC are outlined in this review. We also discuss the potential for future clinical and translational investigations.

Erdafitinib and checkpoint inhibitors for first-line and second-line immunotherapy of hepatic, gastrointestinal, and urinary bladder carcinomas: Recent concept

“…When erdafitinib was administered in recurrent HCC therapy, it resulted in increased overall survival (OS)[ 10 ]. Erdafitinib has been used in anticancer therapy for cholangiocarcinomas and urothelial carcinomas, and it is also recommended for the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and small bowel adenocarcinoma[ 1 - 3 ].…”

“…Recently, critical studies were published on cancer immunotherapy, and these publications addressed recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)[ 1 ], esophageal squamous cell carcinoma[ 2 ], small bowel adenocarcinoma[ 3 ], cholangiocarcinomas[ 4 ], urothelial carcinomas[ 4 - 6 ], gastric carcinoma[ 7 ], colorectal cancer[ 8 ], and other solid tumors[ 5 ]. Cancer immunotherapy is administered for first-line, second-line, neoadjuvant, or adjuvant treatment of advanced, recurrent, or metastatic carcinoma in the liver, oesophagus, small bowel, colon, and urinary bladder, and other solid tumors[ 1 - 6 ]. This article will address the recently approved two immunotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of advanced, metastatic, and recurrent solid tumors.…”

Leveraging machine learning for early recurrence prediction in hepatocellular carcinoma: A step towards precision medicine

“…Survival rates in early recurrence of HCC can be as low as 25% at 3-5 years post resection[ 5 ]. There are no current approved therapeutic regimens available for the recurrence of HCC[ 6 ].…”

Sequential Therapy with Ropeginterferon Alfa-2b and Anti-Programmed Cell Death 1 Antibody for Inhibiting the Recurrence of Hepatitis B-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Animal Modeling to Phase I Clinical Results

“…However, cancer recurrence is frequently observed. The tumor recurrence rate can be as high as 50–70% after five years [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Currently, there are no approved therapies for inhibiting the recurrence [ 7 ].…”

“…The tumor recurrence rate can be as high as 50–70% after five years [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Currently, there are no approved therapies for inhibiting the recurrence [ 7 ]. Therefore, effective and well-tolerated adjuvant therapies are urgently needed.…”