Recent Advances in Sample Preparation for Cosmetics and Personal Care Products Analysis

Abstract

The use of cosmetics and personal care products is increasing worldwide. Their high matrix complexity, together with the wide range of products currently marketed under different forms imply a challenge for their analysis, most of them requiring a sample pre-treatment step before analysis. Classical sample preparation methodologies involve large amounts of organic solvents as well as multiple steps resulting in large time consumption. Therefore, in recent years, the trends have been moved towards the development of simple, sustainable, and environmentally friendly methodologies in two ways: (i) the miniaturization of conventional procedures allowing a reduction in the consumption of solvents and reagents; and (ii) the development and application of sorbent- and liquid-based microextraction technologies to obtain a high analyte enrichment, avoiding or significantly reducing the use of organic solvents. This review provides an overview of analytical methodology during the last ten years, placing special emphasis on sample preparation to analyse cosmetics and personal care products. The use of liquid–liquid and solid–liquid extraction (LLE, SLE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), matrix solid-phase extraction (MSPD), and liquid- and sorbent-based microextraction techniques will be reviewed. The most recent advances and future trends including the development of new materials and green solvents will be also addressed.

Advances on Hormones in Cosmetics: Illegal Addition Status, Sample Preparation, and Detection Technology

“…In order to concentrate the analytes and minimize matrix effects, the previous sample pretreatment before instrumental analysis is usually required. In recent years, there have been several reviews reporting the commonly used sample preparation technologies for cosmetics, such as microextraction (ME), matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), solid-phase extraction (SPE), and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) [ 7 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. However, the above analytes involve both essential ingredients and restricted/prohibited substances, and analytical methods are not discussed in detail.…”

Development of a solid phase microextraction gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methodology for the analysis of sixty personal care products in hydroalcoholic gels ˗ hand sanitizers ˗ in the context of COVID-19 pandemic

“…However, multiple extraction steps and considerable organic solvent volumes are often required to obtain an optimum extraction yield. Other drawback is that further steps such as centrifugation, concentration, evaporation and reconstitution or solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up are required after extraction [ 6 , 8 , 9 ]. The analytical determination that is usually accomplished by gas chromatography (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC), depending on the chemical nature of the target analytes.…”

“…The analytical determination that is usually accomplished by gas chromatography (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC), depending on the chemical nature of the target analytes. The combination with mass spectrometry (MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) detection became the most suitable option, improving analytical selectivity and sensitivity [ 9 , 10 ]. In last years, green analytical chemistry (GAC) principles have been increasingly implemented for cosmetics analysis through the miniaturization of classical extraction procedures, as well as the substitution of hazardous chemicals and solvents by environmentally friendly alternatives, with the main objective of improving the environmental friendliness without compromising method performance [ 11 , 12 ].…”

“…In last years, green analytical chemistry (GAC) principles have been increasingly implemented for cosmetics analysis through the miniaturization of classical extraction procedures, as well as the substitution of hazardous chemicals and solvents by environmentally friendly alternatives, with the main objective of improving the environmental friendliness without compromising method performance [ 11 , 12 ]. In this way, the use of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) or micro-matrix solid-phase dispersion (μMSPD) has been successfully proposed [ 8 , 9 ]. However, most of the methods have been focused on the determination of individual compounds or a small number of compounds belonging to the same family [ 6 , 8 , [13] , [14] , [15] ] and only few of them, mainly based on μMSPD include multianalyte determination [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Metabolite Profiling of Helichrysum italicum Derived Food Supplements by 1H-NMR-Based Metabolomics

“…Extraction procedures often involve different steps and the use of unsustainable solvents which can interfere with the presence of chemical constituents [3]. In recent years, new technologies and methods of extraction occurred which accelerated the extraction and analysis of phytochemicals [3,4], along with an increasing interest in the development of green and environmentally friendly extraction methods [5][6][7]. Food supplements are generally extracted with atoxic solvents, such as ethanol and water.…”