Recent advances in silicate-based crystalline bioceramics for orthopedic applications: a review

Accelerated Osteogenic Response of Electrodynamically Stimulated Mg1–xCaxSi1–xZrxO3 (x = 0–0.4) Bioelectrets

“…The XRD patterns confirm the formation of an orthorhombic (protoenstatite system) pure MgSiO 3 [JCPDS #76-1806] phase with the space group as, Pbcn and lattice parameters as, a = 9.25 Å, b = 8.74 Å, and c = 5.32 Å. Also, some minor peaks were indexed with JCPDS #72-0439 [( a = 9.68 Å, b = 9.73 Å, c = 5.20 Å), space group of P21/n] and JCPDS #19-0769 [( a = 9.60 Å, b = 8.81 Å, c = 5.16 Å), space group of P 21/ a ], which correspond to the monoclinic (Clinoenstatite system) MgSiO 3 structure and HA (# 09-0432), respectively. ,,, The five polymorphic MgSiO 3 forms exist in two crystal structures, monoclinic and orthorhombic. , The successful doping of the Ca ion at the Mg site and the Zr ion at the Si site was confirmed by phase analyses. The positions of peaks shifted toward lower 2θ values by increasing the concentration of Ca and Zr from 0 to 0.3 [Figure c].…”

“…Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Zr 4+ , and Si 4+ ions accelerate cellular adhesion, proliferation, and bone formation. 1 Particularly, the presence of Si 4+ ions in Si(OH) 4 facilitates the interaction with Ca 2+ and PO 4…”

“…However, with the increase in the content of Ca and Zr in MgSiO 3 , the amount of leached Ca 2+ and Zr 4+ into the SBF increases with the soaking period for both, electrets and uncharged samples [Figure c, d]. Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Zr 4+ , and Si 4+ ions accelerate cellular adhesion, proliferation, and bone formation . Particularly, the presence of Si 4+ ions in Si­(OH) 4 facilitates the interaction with Ca 2+ and PO 4 3– , present in SBF, which leads to formation of HA, i.e., mineralization. ,, Moreover, the concentration of (2–4 mmol) of Ca 2+ is favorable for proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, which promotes the osteogenic response .…”

“…The post hoc multiple assessment was carried out using Games-Howell and Tukey's tests at a statistically significant value of p ≤ 0.05. , space group of P21/a], which correspond to the monoclinic (Clinoenstatite system) MgSiO 3 structure and HA (# 09-0432), respectively. 1,37,49,50 The five polymorphic MgSiO 3 forms exist in two crystal structures, monoclinic and orthorhombic. 51,52 The successful doping of the Ca ion at the Mg site and the Zr ion at the Si site was confirmed by phase analyses.…”

“…Recently, biodegradable implants have attracted significant attention for a variety of clinical applications, including bone regeneration, replacement, and repair. , Such perspective implants minimize the possibilities of revision surgery for their replacement and other related concerns. , Additionally, the transfer of load from the implant to host tissue occurs successfully if the pace of degradation of the implant coincides well with the rate of neo-bone growth. This prevents the effect of stress shielding and thereby maintains the mechanical strength at the interface. − …”