Recent Advances in Structured Catalytic Materials Development for Conversion of Liquid Hydrocarbons into Synthesis Gas for Fuel Cell Power Generators

Abstract

The paper considers the current state of research and development of composite structured catalysts for the oxidative conversion of liquid hydrocarbons into synthesis gas for fuel cell feeding and gives more detailed information about recent advances in the Boreskov Institute of Catalysis. The main factors affecting the progress of the target reaction and side reactions leading to catalyst deactivation are discussed. The properties of the Rh/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2/Al2O3/FeCrAl composite multifunctional catalyst for the conversion of diesel fuel into synthesis gas are described. The results of the catalyst testing and mathematical modeling of the process of diesel fuel steam–air conversion into synthesis gas are reported.

Editorial for Special Issue “Advanced Materials in Catalysis and Adsorption”

“…The functionalization of CNMs with heteroatoms (i.e., nitrogen [ 1 , 6 , 7 , 8 ] and boron [ 3 ]) is an effective method for boosting the applicability of carbon nanomaterials as catalytic substrates. Another group of the designed materials belongs to the oxide-based supports, including zeolite catalysts [ 9 ], composite catalytic materials [ 5 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], mixed Mn-Zr-Ce-O oxides [ 13 ], and perovskite-like materials [ 14 ]. In many cases, the active component of the developed catalysts is represented by precious metals—Pd [ 1 , 7 ], Pt [ 5 , 11 ], Rh [ 10 , 11 ], and Ru [ 11 ]—and other metals such as Ag [ 15 ], Au [ 7 , 9 ], and their alloys.…”

“…Advanced catalytic materials have been developed for diverse types of heterogeneous catalytic reactions, such as the hydrodechlorination of chloroaromatics [ 1 ]; the dehalogenation of halogenated hydrocarbons [ 2 ]; dechlorination via catalytic pyrolysis [ 1 , 2 , 4 ]; the catalytic coupling of CH 4 [ 14 ]; the catalytic processing of hydrocarbons and their mixtures into synthesis gas [ 10 , 11 ] or CNT and CNF materials [ 2 , 5 , 6 , 8 ]; the oxidation of carbon monoxide [ 13 ]; the hydrogenation of organic compounds [ 7 ]; and selective oxidation [ 9 ]. Such advanced materials can be also used for electrocatalytic applications involving the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) [ 12 ] and the electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2 RR) [ 15 ].…”

“…The composite structured catalysts M/Ce 0.75 Zr 0.25 O 2 /Al 2 O 3 /FeCrAl (M = Pt, Rh, Ru) were designed in [ 10 , 11 ] for the catalytic processing of light hydrocarbons into synthesis gas. The catalysts are composed of a high-heat-conducting FeCrAl block covered by θ-Al 2 O 3 and a layer of ceria–zirconia mixed oxide with deposited 2–3 nm sized Pt, Rh, or Ru nanoparticles.…”

“…Reformates were produced via the reformation of propane steam over the designed catalysts at 600 °C; the reformates contained ~65 vol.% of H 2 , which can be used as a fuel for solid oxide fuel cells [ 11 ]. In addition, the authors studied the catalytic properties of the Rh/Ce 0.75 Zr 0.25 O 2 /Al 2 O 3 /FeCrAl composite catalyst with respect to the conversion of diesel fuel into synthesis gas and concluded that it can be used in fuel cell power generators [ 10 ].…”

“…Another group of the designed materials belongs to the oxide-based supports, including zeolite catalysts [9], composite catalytic materials [5,[10][11][12], mixed Mn-Zr-Ce-O oxides [13], and perovskite-like materials [14]. In many cases, the active component of the developed catalysts is represented by precious metals-Pd [1,7], Pt [5,11], Rh [10,11], and Ru [11]-and other metals such as Ag [15], Au [7,9], and their alloys.…”