Recent advances in techniques for fabrication and characterization of nanogap biosensors: A review

Abstract

Nanogap biosensors have fascinated researchers due to their excellent electrical properties. Nanogap biosensors comprise three arrays of electrodes that form nanometer-size gaps. The sensing gaps have become the major building blocks of several sensing applications, including bio-and chemosensors. One of the advantages of nanogap biosensors is that they can be fabricated in nanoscale size for various downstream applications. Several studies have been conducted on nanogap biosensors, and nanogap biosensors exhibit potential material properties. The possibilities of combining these unique properties with a nanoscalegapped device and electrical detection systems allow excellent and potential prospects in biomolecular detection. However, their fabrication is challenging as the gap is becoming smaller. It includes high-cost, low-yield, and surface phenomena to move a step closer to the routine fabrications. This review summarizes different feasible techniques in the fabrication of nanogap electrodes, such as preparation by self-assembly with both conventional and nonconventional approaches. This review also presents a comprehensive analysis of the fabrication, potential applications, history, and the current status of nanogap biosensors with a special focus on nanogap-mediated bio-and chemical sonsors.

Experimental Demonstration of High-Sensitivity Nano capacitors via Advanced Nanofabrication Techniques for Nano Electronic Implementations

“…In this work, the characteristics of less than 5nm nanoscale gaps have been studied, to significantly reduce the leakage current through the supporting space insulator. Further, an approach of employing the selectively etched gap served as a template to form a gap between the metal electrodes even optimized the selected materials have been developed [19][20]. This facilitates the prospect of effortless attachment of molecules between the gold electrodes, without necessitating implementing sophisticated chemistry to attach the molecules directly to the nano gap structure.…”