Recent advances in temporal arteritis

Abstract

Temporal arteritis was first described in the late nineteenth century. Despite considerable progress in understanding the disease, its rarity in the young and in those who are not of Scandinavian ethnicity remains unexplained. Microbiologic agents and immunologic mechanisms have been implicated as causative factors. Although steroids remain the drug of choice, the use of other immunologic therapies has been proposed. This paper reviews the disease's history, probable etiologies, clinical manifestations, and its diagnostic and treatment challenges.

Painful ophthalmoplegia: Overview with a focus on tolosa-hunt syndrome

“…Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an inflammatory vasculitis involving medium-and large-sized arteries throughout the body [33]. The inflammatory response leads to distal ischemia producing the characteristic symptoms.…”

“…The inflammatory response leads to distal ischemia producing the characteristic symptoms. GCA occurs almost exclusively in the elderly, with a mean age at diagnosis of 71 years in men and 73 years in women [33]. The onset of GCA typically is insidious and the most common features include headaches, polymyalgia rheumatica, low-grade fever, and visual symptoms.…”

Dry Cough as First Manifestation of Giant‐cell Arteritis

“…Temporal artery biopsy not only confirms the diagnosis but also excludes other systemic vasculitides. Normal biopsy findings do not exclude the diagnosis because of possible skip lesions 4–6 . Therapy should not in any way be delayed 7 .…”