Recent Advances in The Bioanalytical Applications of Dried Matrix Spotting for The Analysis of Drugs and Their Metabolites

Abstract

DBS techniques for the bioanalysis of drugs and metabolites from whole blood have been demonstrated to be a useful tool in drug development. The term dried matrix spot (DMS) has been used to indicate that the DBS technique has been applied to nonblood matrices. DMS methods often employ a color-indicating process that enhances the ability to analyze these mostly transparent fluids when spotted onto collection paper. The color-indicating dye allows the analyst to visually confirm the location of the dried sample spot. Other benefits of using a color-indicating dye include improved method accuracy and precision, because the process of adding the dye allows for the concurrent addition of the IS prior to sample addition and extraction. To date, matrices that have been analyzed using DMS include cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, saliva, tears, urine and plasma.

Quantitation of fentanyl analogs in dried blood spots by flow-through desorption coupled to online solid phase extraction tandem mass spectrometry

“…Used extensively for neonatal screening since the 1960s, 1 improvements in analytical instrumentation sensitivity has made DBS a convenient biological matrix for pharmaceutical studies and exposure analyses. 2–4 …”

Instrumental and Technical Evolution Over the Past Decade in Bioanalysis

“…On the note of reduction of analytical matrix volumes, the launch of this journal occurred just as a formidable wave of interest was gaining strength in dried blood spotting (DBS). There was a pronounced focus on a quantitative LC-MS end point as shown in the first of such reports [1,2] and for which there have been some informative and insightful reviews over the years [3,4]. The technique of DBS, an example of microsampling, involves minimally invasive drawings typically in the order of 10 μl, resulting in several practical and analytical advantages.…”

Making Methods Rugged for Regulated Bioanalysis

“…In this approach, there is an inherent dilution of the sample, and the IS may only correct for detector variability as opposed to also covering extraction variability. Spotting the IS before or after the matrix is applied, without disturbing the analyte distribution, has been attempted [57]. Alternatively, there are several automated systems capable of clamping onto the center of a spot and flowing solvent through the material to extract the analyte [58][59][60][61].…”